PSYC 102 - Ch. 6 Module

Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist, Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill. A unconditioned aversion B taste aversion C unconditioned response D taste response

B taste aversion

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule? A Jeremy checking YouTube every morning before work B Bill traveling to Myrtle Beach for vacation every June C Nikita taking her dog to the vet once a year D Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

D Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

What is the main idea of social learning theory? A Learning can occur when conditioned stimuli are paired with unconditioned stimuli. B Fear is a conditioned response that is learned at a young age. C Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for learning. D People can learn new behaviors by observing others.

D People can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry. A extinction B secondary conditioning C stimulation D acquisition

D acquisition

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement. A secondary B partial C primary D continuous

D continuous

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. A positive reinforcement B punishment reinforcement C punishment D negative reinforcement

D negative reinforcement

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________. A classical conditioning B neutral stimulus C higher order conditioning D spontaneous recovery

D spontaneous recovery

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus? A Extinction B Recovery C Acquisition D Reflex

A Extinction

Which of the following is an example of a reflex? A A person's pupils contracting in bright light B A woman shaking her fist at a bad driver C A child feeling bored at a wedding D A student sitting very still in a classroom

A A person's pupils contracting in bright light

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events? A Classical conditioning B Psychic conditioning C Physiological conditioning D Controlled conditioning

A Classical conditioning

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? A Continuous B Primary C Partial D Secondary

A Continuous

Which of the following is the first step in the modeling process? A Paying attention B Retaining knowledge C Reproducing a behavior D Feeling motivated

A Paying attention

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this? A Fixed ratio B Variable interval C Variable ratio D Fixed interval

B Variable interval

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization? A Being conditioned to laugh at all kinds of hats B Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats C Being conditioned not to laugh at hats D Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat and cry when you see other kinds of hats

B Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

John wants to train his daughter to excuse herself before she leaves the table. Although he does not know how often he will reward her for excusing herself, he does know that he will not reward her every time she excuses herself. Which reinforcement schedule is John planning to use? A Primary B Partial C Continuous D Secondary

B Partial

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this? A Fixed interval B Variable interval C Fixed ratio D Variable ratio

B Variable interval

Which of the following is an example of latent learning? A A teenager learning karate from her best friend who takes karate lessons B A child earning tokens for good behavior and spending the tokens on prizes C An adult recalling the location of a gas station when he unexpectedly runs out of gas D A rabbit knowing to run away from an unleashed dog

C An adult recalling the location of a gas station when he unexpectedly runs out of gas

Frances receives one dollar for every pound of worms she gives her grandfather. Which reinforcement schedule is this? A Variable ratio B Fixed interval C Fixed ratio D Variable interval

C Fixed ratio

In the initial period of learning, ________ refers to when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. A neutral stimulate B extinction C acquisition D conditioning

C acquisition

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. Which term describes Khaleel's squirming and giggling? A Unconditioned response B Conditioned stimulus C Unconditioned stimulus D Conditioned response

D Conditioned response

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? A Boys display more fear than girls. B Boys display fear differently from girls. C Fear cannot be a conditioned response. D Emotion can be a conditioned response.

D Emotion can be a conditioned response.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together. A The word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "rarely." B The word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "never." C The word "conditioning" should be changed to the word "reinforcement." D The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical."

D The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical."

Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling your hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of ________. A learning B instincts C associations D reflexes

D reflexes

Which of the following is an example of observational learning? A Learning yoga poses by watching a yoga group in the park B Learning how to play tennis by joining a local tennis club C Learning Spanish by attending a Spanish class every week D Learning how to print by having your mother hold your hand as you form the letters

A Learning yoga poses by watching a yoga group in the park

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities. A Primary B Classical C Operant D Secondary

A Primary

A dog is conditioned to associate a bell with food. Which of the following responses by the dog illustrates stimulus discrimination? A The dog drools when he hears a bell but not when he hears a whistle. B The dog drools whenever a bell rings. C The dog drools only when food is paired with a bell. D The dog drools when he hears either a bell or a whistle.

A The dog drools when he hears a bell but not when he hears a whistle.

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________. A instincts B reflexes C learning D conditioning

A instincts

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________. A negative reinforcement B negative punishment C positive punishment D positive reinforcement

A negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. A neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus B conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response C neutral stimulus and a neutral response D neutral response and a conditioned response

A neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries because she is allergic to them. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________. A stimulus generalization B stimulus discrimination C modeling D imitation

A stimulus generalization

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning. A primary B latent C conditioned D partial

B latent

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________. A response B stimulus C model D cognition

C model

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent a(n) ________. A stimulus generalization B conditioned response C stimulus discrimination D unconditioned response

C stimulus discrimination

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent. A The word "conditioning" should be changed to the word "behaviorism." B The word "initial" should be changed to the word "interval." C The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition." D The word "classical" should be changed to the word "operant."

C The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition."

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________ map, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light. A latent B fixed interval C cognitive D fixed ratio

C cognitive