PSYC 2501 - Ch 13 Quiz

Rosa is in a convenience store considering which soda to buy. She recalls a commercial for BigFizz she saw on TV last night. BigFizz is running a promotion where you look under the bottle cap, and one in five bottles has a voucher for a free soda. If Rosa decides to purchase a BigFizz based on this promotion, which is framed in terms of _________________ , she will use a _________________ strategy. ------- a. gains; risk-aversion b. gains; risk-taking c. losses; risk-taking d. losses; risk-aversion

a. gains; risk-aversion

One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they...... ------- a. ignore the falsification principle. b. incorrectly apply the permission schema. c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. d. are influenced by the atmosphere effect.

a. ignore the falsification principle.

An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism. This experiment studies ________ reasoning. ------- a. inductive b. deductive c. intuitive d. falsification

b. deductive

Utility refers to..... ------- a. how useful a reasoning process is. b. outcomes that achieve a person's goals. c. degree of risk aversion one has. d. the validity of a syllogism.

b. outcomes that achieve a person's goals

The application of a(n) _________________ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem. ------- a. conjunction rule b. permission schema c. atmosphere effect d. availability heuristic

b. permission schema

A syllogism is valid if...... ------- a. the two premises and the conclusion are true. b. the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. c. there is evidence to support the two premises. d. there is no more than one

b. the conclusion follows logically from the two premises.

Which of the following activities would require Type 2 cognitive processing? ------- a. Zipping your jacket when it's cold b. Turning the lights off at bedtime c. Choosing an entree from a menu d. Making a left turn on a green light

c. Choosing an entree from a menu

Josiah is trying to decide whether to take a new job in a new city. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. This is an example of .... ------- a. immediate emotion. b. incidental immediate emotion. c. expected emotion. d. integral immediate emotion.

c. expected emotion

Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Bonnie is using.... ------- a. the similarity-coverage model. b. the conjunction rule. c. inductive reasoning. d. an omission bias.

c. inductive reasoning.

Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the _________________ may be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task, while the _________________ is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome. ------- a. basal ganglia; corpus callosum b. diencephalon; putamen c. prefrontal cortex; insula d. striate nucleus; locus coeruleus

c. prefrontal cortex; insula

Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy as an undergraduate. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which of the following alternatives is most probable? ------- a. Lydia is a state governor. b. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. c. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. d. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman

d. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman

Donte purchased a new car, a Ford Mustang, less than a month ago. While sitting in traffic, Donte says to his girlfriend, "Mustangs must be the best-selling car now. I can't remember seeing as many on the road as I have recently." Donte's judgment is most likely biased by a(n)............ ------- a. illusory correlation. b. permission schema. c. representativeness heuristic. d. availability heuristic.

d. availability heuristic.

Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people .... ------- a. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. b. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. c. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80 percent fat free than 20 percent fat. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.

d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.

If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. In this case, the police officer's judgments are skewed by the operation of the... ------- a. permission schema. b. typicality principle. c. falsification principle. d. confirmation bias.

d. confirmation bias

Failing to consider the law of large numbers most likely results in errors concerning....... ------- a. confirmation bias. b. the falsification principle. c. utility. d. the representativeness heuristic.

d. the representativeness heuristic.