Psyc 312 Chapter 1

The biological changes that take place during puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior in all of the following ways

-directly. -by affecting the adolescent's self-image. -by affecting the reactions of others to the adolescent.

Mike, an early maturer, is more likely to __________ than Bob, a late maturer

-experience pseudomaturity -suffer greater consequences if bullied by peers -fall in love

Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty?

-stress -nutritional deficiencies -excessive exercise

When adolescents in the United States begin to experience specific pubertal events, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A girl's mother will be the first person the girl tells that she has begun to menstruate

Which of the following is probably true for Ashley, an early-maturing girl who was short and stocky as a child?

After puberty, she will be shorter and heavier than her late-maturing peers.

Based on research addressing ethnic differences in the timing and rate of pubertal maturation, which girl would be expected to be the earliest to mature?

Anslyene, a middle-income African American

Which of the following is not characteristic of changes in skeletal structure during puberty

Bones become more porous and more likely to break

Which of the following observations suggests that rising levels of the protein leptin is the most important signal that the body is ready for puberty?

Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty.

Which of the following statements about adolescent mood swings is false

Hormones play a greater role in the development of depression than do stressful life events.

Joe is extremely moody. His mother attributes his mood swings to being an adolescent. Based on your understanding of adolescent mood swings, what would you tell Joe's mom?

Joe's moods are most likely linked to his daily activities

Which adolescent is at highest risk for suicide

Leonard, a Native American male

Which of the following girls will experience the greatest menstrual discomfort

Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche

Which of the following statements about puberty in girls is false

Menarche occurs very early in the process of sexual development

Hormones play two very different roles in adolescence. _______ hormones program the brain to behave in certain ways, whereas _______ hormones are thought to stimulate development of the secondary sex characteristics.

Organizational; activational

Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true?

Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children

Which of the following statements about prenatal development is not true:

The amount of cortisol exposed to the fetus is directly linked to the timing and tempo of puberty

Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is false?

The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time.

Which of the following statements about the timing and tempo of sexual maturation is true?

The duration of puberty varies widely - from 1.5 to 6 years in girls and 2 to 5 years in boys.

Which of the following statements about health in adolescence is not true?

The new approach to adolescent health care is a return to traditional medicine.

Sarah is a junior high student anticipating and preparing for puberty. She wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until she looks and is considered an adult. What would you tell her

The timing of puberty, as well as the rate with which it occurs, is highly variable and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Which of the following is not typical of the obsession many girls in the United States have to be excessively thin?

They are culturally less Americanized

Which of the following is true about obesity?

To be considered obese, a person's body mass index must fall at or above the 95th percentile for their age and gender

Which of the following girls would probably be least susceptible to feelings of body dissatisfaction due to the rapid increase in body fat in early adolescence?

a Black adolescent girl

Studies show that adolescent mood swings parallel their changes in:

activities.

The paradox of adolescent health in the United States is that:

adolescence is one of the healthiest periods in the life span, but nearly 1 in 15 adolescents has at least one disabling chronic disease.

Nadia is a student at a high school that is considered to be extremely cliquish. She tends to be shy and introverted, has low self-esteem, and feels unhappy about her menstrual periods. According to the text, Nadia is probably:

an early-maturing girl.

Who is at the greatest risk of developing body dissatisfaction

an early-maturing, affluent Caucasian girl who compares herself to her friends

The term puberty refers to the period during which

an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction.

The simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and _________ stimulates rapid acceleration in height and weight during puberty.

androgens

When levels of _____&_____ fall below the set points, the _____ stops inhibiting the pituitary gland, thus permitting it to stimulate the release of sex hormones by the gonads

androgens & estrogens; hypothalamus

Karen has been known to exercise excessively, count calories, and diet obsessively. She is currently depriving herself of food even though she is 20 pounds underweight. Karen is probably suffering from:

anorexia nervosa.

The potentially fatal disorder in which young women actually starve themselves is called

anorexia nervosa.

The _____ is the minimal amount of energy one uses when resting.

basal metabolism rate

The belief of adolescent girls that being slim will increase their popularity is:

based in reality.

Suzanne and Greg are the first members of their class to begin the pubertal transition. Based on what you know about early maturing adolescents, Suzanne and Greg are more likely to

become involved in deviant activities

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with being an early-maturing girl?

being less popular, especially with boys

Which of the following is not an explanation for the sex differences in the impact of early and late maturation for boys and girls?

boys' greater involvement in delinquency

The first sign of puberty in girls is generally:

budding of the breasts.

Theresa has been known to go on eating binges and then purge afterward. Theresa is probably suffering from:

bulimia.

Ten-year-old Luna's budding feelings of sexual attraction are most likely explained

by maturation of the adrenal glands through the process called adrenarche

Which of the following is not associated with the "new morbidity and mortality" of adolescence?

cancer

The most virulent threats to adolescent health come from all of the following, except:

chronic disabilities, such as cancer and arthritis

A research design in which subjects of different ages are assessed simultaneously is called a:

cross-sectional study.

According to the textbook, in general, the amount of time individuals spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

decreases from childhood to adolescence

Given a choice, Mike would rather stay up until 1:00 A.M. and sleep until 10:00 A.M. This pattern is called the:

delayed phase preference.

Ta'isha believes that "fat is beautiful" and has a steady diet of fried chicken, french fries, and cheeseburgers. Tanya believes that "thin is in" and uses vomiting and laxatives as a way to keep her weight down. Both girls exhibit what psychologists call:

disordered eating.

Which group is most at risk for obesity?

early maturing African-American girls

Generalizing from the text, the children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature _____ and boys who mature _____.

early; late

Current efforts aimed at encouraging healthy behaviors among adolescents involve all of the following, except:

encouraging adolescents to sign contracts promising to abstain from unhealthy behaviors

Professor Radon is studying the _________ system, which produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body.

endocrine

Molly's breasts are beginning to develop, she is beginning to grow pubic hair, and her body is growing rapidly. This change is brought about by the secretion of _____ by the _____.

estrogen; ovaries

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with being an early-maturing boy

fewer problem behaviors

The adolescent growth spurt

generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys

Differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are largely caused by:

genetic factors.

Professor Kendall has been researching adolescent maturation around the world. She is likely to find that all of the following contribute to the secular trend, except:

genetics.

Researchers have found that, with regard to adolescent sleep patterns

getting fewer than 8 hours of sleep a night is associated with poorer mental health and lower grades for adolescents.

Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is

greater in boys than girls.

Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early maturing peers, except:

greater popularity.

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?

growth of testes and scrotum

In America, early-maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to

have a lower self-image.

In their research on the relationship between early maturation and problem behaviors among adolescent girls, Caspi and Moffitt have found all of the following, except:

high levels of behavior problems in childhood predict early maturation

According to the text, puberty involves all of the following except

increases in intellectual functioning

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience:

leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily

Follow-up studies of Swedish women who had been early maturers found that as adults they were:

less likely to continue their education beyond high school.

Dr. Davis is interested in how puberty affects adjustment. He studies a group of 100 junior high school students over the course of three years. He is conducting what kind of study?

longitudinal

The average girl in the United States reaches _________, the time of her first menstrual period, sometime between the ages of 12 and 13.

menarche

Which of the following does not contribute to changes in sleep patterns during adolescence?

mood fluctuations throughout the day

Follow-up studies of men who had been late maturers as adolescents revealed that as adults they are:

more insightful and inventive.

When compared with their less mature peers, adolescents who are physically mature are:

more likely to be involved in cross-sex activities such as going out on dates.

Studies have shown that prepubertal girls who expect menstruation to be uncomfortable report

more severe menstrual symptoms than their peers

The first ejaculation of seminal fluid that occurs is:

often determined culturally.

Early-maturing boys are:

often expected to be more mature than they are.

The presence or absence of certain hormones early in life may "program" the brain and the nervous system to develop in certain ways later on. These hormones are considered:

organizational.

Which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation?

peer pressure

Of all the developments that take place during the second decade of life, the only one that is truly inevitable is:

physical maturation.

The physical transformation from child to adult is called:The physical transformation from child to adult is called:

puberty

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

regular ovulation

The delayed phase preference suggests that:

school should begin later in the morning.

Over the past century, the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age. This has been referred to as the:

secular trend.

Puberty began for Nancy when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11 years. For her grandmother, the onset was at 13 years of age. These changes in the age of onset of puberty over time are referred to as:

secular trend.

According to the textbook, the sex difference in athletic performance during early adolescence results from all of the following except:

self confidence

Which of the following plays the greatest role in the development of depression

stressful life events

All of the following are reasons that males have greater gains in strength than females during early adolescence, except

strong societal pressures on girls to decrease their physical activity in preadolescence

The hormonally induced increase in the rate of growth in height and weight is referred to as:

the adolescent growth spurt

Which of the following is not thought to contribute to the onset of puberty?

the development of primary sex characteristics

One reason for the difference in the body shapes of the sexes is:

the difference in the amount and distribution of body fat.

According to the textbook, the prevalence of adolescent smoking is a direct function of

the number of retail outlets selling tobacco in their immediate neighborhood

According to the textbook, Julie, a seventeen-year-old living in a college dormitory, has noticed that her menstrual periods have begun to synchronize with_____, which is compelling evidence that social relationships can affect biological functioning.

the time her female roommate menstruates

Which of the following is not part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system?

thyroid hormones

At the time of peak height velocity, adolescents grow at about the same rate as:

toddlers.

Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce the most favorable and easiest adjustment to menarche?

when the girl knows the facts about the physical changes her body will undergo