PSYC 345 Exam 3

_________ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale, lasting weeks, months, or even years.

Systems

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

"apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, lamp, chair, pants"

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for the _________ of a list.

First five and last five words

Two types of declarative memory are _________ and _________ memory.

Episodic; semantic.

Which example best demonstrates state-decedent learning?

Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.

The medial temporal lobe (MTL), involved in memory consolidation, includes all of the following structures EXCEPT the......

Amygdala.

Branford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording in the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of __________ in forming reliable long-term memories.

An organizational context during learning.

A study participant is given a list of words to remember. One week later, he recalls the list. Let's say that one of the list words was PEAR. Which of the following, none of which actually appeared on the list, would be most likely incorrectly recalled if the participant doesn't remember PEAR?

Apple.

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had......

Attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

According to levels of processing theory, deep processing results in better memory. However, studies have shown that shallow processing can result in better memory when the individual encodes _________ and is tested ____________.

Auditorially; auditorially.

Which task below would most likely be used to test for implicit memory?

Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied.

The elaborative rehearsal task of learning a word by using it in a sentence is generally most effective if the generated sentence is......

Complex.

Explicit memory is to _________ as implicit memory is to ________.

Declarative; nondeclarative.

How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories?

Elaborative is more effective than maintenance.

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on how information is.....

Encoded.

Acquiring information and transforming it into memory is.......

Encoding.

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of........

Encoding.

In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letter of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the.......

Generation effect.

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to get rid of the recency effect is to......

Have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list.

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

Which of the following is NOT an example of semantic memory?

I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability.

A patient suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome, such as "Jimmy G" who is described in your text, would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty?

Identifying a photograph of his childhood home

Working with brain-injured patients reveals that __________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.

Implicit and procedural

When investigating the serial position curve, presenting the word list at a slower pace......

Increases the primacy effect.

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her emory behavior reflects........

Intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests........

Intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

Katie and Inez are taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00-11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study for one hour for each of the next three days, while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performance?

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.

Lourdes and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying. Lourdes decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?

Kim performs better because of reactivation.

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the case of H.M., who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures?

LTMs are stored in the hippocampus.

From the behavior of H.M., who experiences memory problems after a brain operation, we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in.......

Long-term memory acquisition.

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned.

Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the......

Neurotransmitters.

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Reading a sentence in a book.

The primacy effect is attributed to.........

Recall of information stored in LTM.

This multiple choice question is an example of a __________ test.

Recognition

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for _________ memories.

Remote

According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of.....

Remote, episodic memories.

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of _________ in LTM.

Retrieval cues.

The predominant type of coding in LTM is........

Semantic.

The author of your text makes a suggestion that students should study in a variety of places. This suggestions based on research that showing that people remember material better if they learned it in a number of different locations, compared to studying the same amount of time in one location. The suggestion solves a problem raised by......

The encoding specificity principle.

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that __________ is crucial for the formation of LTMs.

The hippocampus

Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on.....

The number of vowels in a word.

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?

The propaganda effect.

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called......

Transfer-appropriate processing.

The defining characteristic of implicit memory is that.......

We are not conscious we are using it.

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that......

When a memory is reactivated, it becomes fragile, just as it was immediately after it was formed.

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because......

imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.