PSYC 432 - Chapter 6

RAD

A child who was removed from an abusive home and placed into a healthier home but is not doing well in school and not able to make friends may have this disorder...

DSED

A child with this disorder may not have enough social boundaries, is trying to get attention in a weird way, does not show wariness or hesitation in approaching unfamiliar adults, may go up to a stranger rather than a caregiver when distressed, have impulsive behaviors

Attachment

A strong emotional bond with caregiver(s) that forms in the first year of life, resulting from SAFETY, COMFORT, and ATTENTION provided by the caregiver

Disinhibited

Abnormal social behavior

Inhibited

Absence of social behavior

Maltreated

Advice for working with __________________ children: - try to understand a behavior before punishing - Interact with them based on their emotional age - be consistent, predictable, and repetitive - Model and teach appropriate social behaviors - Have realistic expectations - Be patient and nurturing (show attunement) - Take care of yourself and seek out other resources

Ambivalent/resistant

An __________________ insecure attachment is when the child is insecure in a clingy and anxious way and it is hard for the child to be comforted

Attuned

Babies actively do things to elicit attention from the parent and the parent needs to be ______________ to these signals

DSED

Behaviors of children with ___________ are not limited to impulsivity

Secure

By age 1.5 - 2, children start to venture away but come back to their __________________ base

7-9

Child may show preference for the primary caregiver around __________________ months of age

RAD

Child with ______________ has persistent social and emotional disturbance with minimal social and emotional responsiveness, limited positive affect, and episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness (during nonthreatening interactions)

RAD

Child with _______________ doesn't show much social reciprocity, seldom smiles/laughs, poor emotion regulation and unable to self-soothe

RAD

Children with _____________ have experienced a pattern of extreme insufficient care

DSED

Children with ______________ actively approach/interact with unfamiliar adults and show 2 symptoms of the following: - minimal reticence in approaching unfamiliar adults - Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior that is inconsistent with age-appropriate social boundaries - Diminished checking back with caregiver after venturing away - Willingness to go with unfamiliar adult

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

DSED stands for...

Secure

In ___________ attachment, the child develops trust that their needs are going to be met, the child feels loved and knows that everything will be ok

Empirically-based

In __________________ treatment, caregiver qualities influence the quality of the attachment

Reactive Attachment Disorder

In _____________________ the child has gone through such severe neglect/abuse that they do not have any attachment

To do no harm

Many Attachment Therapys go against basic ethical principles of clinical practice: "____________________"

The Strange Situation

Mary Ainsworth created a lab called "__________________" that tests the quality of attachment

Attachment Therapy

Methods of __________________ are rage reduction, holding therapy, rebirthing therapy

Separation Anxiety

Normal __________________ last to about 18-24 months of age

Temperament

One possible solution as to why some children develop RAD vs DSED could be _____________________

5

RAD has to be evident before the age of ____ and would not be diagnosed before the age of 9 months

Reactive Attachment Disorder

RAD stands for _____________________

Failure to Thrive

Rene Spitz studied babies in institutions that would give up and called this "__________________"

7-9

Secure attachment shows up at around ______ months of age

Disorganized

The __________________ attachment style is linked with having the highest rate of mental health issues

Disorganized

The __________________ attachment style results from abusive parents or long separation Child feels torn between going to caregiver for help and avoiding caregiver for fear of being hurt

Primary Caregiver

The __________________ can be anybody but it is most often the mother because she is the one nursing the baby

Avoidant

The __________________ insecure attachment style results from disengaged parents that have not been able to meet the needs of their child and the child does not go to the caregiver for help and also reject their attempts to reconnect Parents are neglectful, disengaged, and have not been available

Inhibited

The __________________ type of Reactive Attachment Disorder is characterized by the *absence of social behavior*

Disinhibited

The _____________________ Social Engagement Disorder is characterized by *abnormal social behavior*

Reactive Attachment Disorder

The _____________________ has been split by the DSM-5 into two separate disorders called Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Watson

The behaviorist named __________________ wrote a book about not holding your baby too much because you may spoil them

Disruptive Behavior Disorders

The disorders Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct disorder are examples of ______________________________________ and are not to be confused with DSED

Secure base

The parent is a "__________________" and when the parent is around, the child is comfortable and at ease

Attachment Therapy

The theory of this treatment for attachment disorder is that the child is manipulative, has repressed rage, and needs to re-form attachment by re-parenting

Insecure

There are two types of _____________ attachment: Anxious ambivalent and Anxious avoidant

2-3

There is a law against a daycare having more than _______ babies per caregiver

Poor Attachment

These are all risk factors for __________________: - Maltreatment/Neglect - Poverty - Marital discord/partner violence - Institutional care/orphanages - Caregiver characteristics

Bowlby

This Attachment Theory was proposed by __________________: The importance of holding babies and loving them

Disorganized

This attachment style can be confusing for the child because the parent is a source of comfort but also pain and anxiety

Ambivalent/Resistant

This attachment style clings to the parent but also pushes the parent away after being left

Ambivalent/resistant

This attachment style results from a parent being inconsistent and not attuned to their child's needs Parent is inattentive, inadequate, and unavailable

RAD

This disorder can be confused with autism or depression

Rage reduction Therapy

This form of attachment therapy involves the therapist yelling at the child to elicit the release of child's rage

Rebirthing therapy

This form of attachment therapy involves wrapping child in blanket and mimicking wound contractions forcing child to fight their way out This method actually suffocated and killed a child

The Strange Situation

This lab tests how well the child can use the caregiver as a source of comfort/secure base It also pays attention to how fast the child's distress goes away once the caregiver returns

Disorganized

This rare attachment style is when the child is scared of the caregiver and approach caregivers with reluctance

Marital Discord/Partner Violence

This risk factor involves parents being distracted by their own conflict and this can be sensed by babies which causes them to feel unsafe

Poverty

This risk factor involves single parent households, low quality daycare facilities, older siblings caring for infants, parents working long hours

Institutional care/orphanages

This risk factor leads to children having attachment disorders, huge behavioral problems along with social and emotional problems

Caregiver characteristics

This risk factor may involve mental illness, active addictions, personality disorders, unresolved loss or trauma which may lead to shaking babies, or neglecting babies

Maltreatment/Neglect

This risk factor sets children up for having an attachment disorder Parents that are addicted to drugs end up neglecting their babies Just because a baby is removed from mother's care due to neglect does not mean they will be placed into a perfect home

Attachment Therapy

This type of treatment for attachment disorders is controversial and dangerous

Social Phobia

To differentiate a diagnosis: Extreme shyness and ability to still form a secure attachment is not a symptom of RAD but is a symptom of _____________________

Autism Spectrum Disorder

To differentiate a diagnosis: The symptoms of communication deficits and language problems are not indicative of RAD but are indicative of _____________________

ADHD

To differentiate a diagnosis: ____________ is an impulsive disorder but is not nearly as disabling as DSED and typically does not show abnormal social relationships they way that DSED does

Intellectual Disability

To differentiate a diagnosis: Usually kids with RAD can catch up while kids with _____________________ cannot

3

When a mother is depressed, her child may have significant behavioral problems at the age of ______

Insufficient caregiving

When dealing with differential diagnoses, it is important to look for the history of ____________________________ to determine if a symptom is indicative of RAD or DSED

Mary Ainsworth

Who was John Bowlby's Student?

RAD

With _______________ disorder, a child is showing an absence of attachment behaviors and has a *consistent pattern of inhibited or emotionally withdrawn behaviors toward adult caregivers*

2/3

_______ of kids are born with a healthy attachment where they are almost immediately at ease once back in the arms of their caregiver

Secure

____________ Attachment happens when the parents have been physically and emotionally available to child, hold the child a lot, and are attuned to the child

Secure

____________ attachment becomes an internal working model where the child internalizes this idea that they are worthy of being loved and are able to trust

RAD

____________ children will minimally seek comfort when distressed and minimally respond to comfort

Empirically-based

__________________ Treatment for attachment disorders include: - Improving parent sensitivity/consistency - Increasing environmental stability/structure - Teaching appropriate responsiveness

Ambivalent/resistant

__________________ attachment style children become really distressed when parent leaves and when parent comes back, child clings to the parent and is unable to be soothed

Bowlby

__________________ believed that infants have a tendency to seek closeness with another person and they feel secure when someone is available

Bowlby

__________________ believed that we are born social beings and we biologically have these tendencies and we are naturally attached to our parents to facilitate survival

Mary Ainsworth

__________________ created a lab setting to test the quality of attachment called "The Strange Situation"

Attachment

__________________ is linked with peer status, cognitive ability, protects kids against behavioral problems, foundation for your social identity

Reactive Attachment Disorder

_____________________ used to be know to have 2 subtypes: Inhibited and Disinhibited

Evidence-based

________________________ Interventions: - start with a good assessment by a trained professional - target the caregiver and environmental changes - promote safety, trust, and sensitivity - teach relationship building activities - Behavior modification