PSYC 432 - Chapter 6
RAD
A child who was removed from an abusive home and placed into a healthier home but is not doing well in school and not able to make friends may have this disorder...
DSED
A child with this disorder may not have enough social boundaries, is trying to get attention in a weird way, does not show wariness or hesitation in approaching unfamiliar adults, may go up to a stranger rather than a caregiver when distressed, have impulsive behaviors
Attachment
A strong emotional bond with caregiver(s) that forms in the first year of life, resulting from SAFETY, COMFORT, and ATTENTION provided by the caregiver
Disinhibited
Abnormal social behavior
Inhibited
Absence of social behavior
Maltreated
Advice for working with __________________ children: - try to understand a behavior before punishing - Interact with them based on their emotional age - be consistent, predictable, and repetitive - Model and teach appropriate social behaviors - Have realistic expectations - Be patient and nurturing (show attunement) - Take care of yourself and seek out other resources
Ambivalent/resistant
An __________________ insecure attachment is when the child is insecure in a clingy and anxious way and it is hard for the child to be comforted
Attuned
Babies actively do things to elicit attention from the parent and the parent needs to be ______________ to these signals
DSED
Behaviors of children with ___________ are not limited to impulsivity
Secure
By age 1.5 - 2, children start to venture away but come back to their __________________ base
7-9
Child may show preference for the primary caregiver around __________________ months of age
RAD
Child with ______________ has persistent social and emotional disturbance with minimal social and emotional responsiveness, limited positive affect, and episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness (during nonthreatening interactions)
RAD
Child with _______________ doesn't show much social reciprocity, seldom smiles/laughs, poor emotion regulation and unable to self-soothe
RAD
Children with _____________ have experienced a pattern of extreme insufficient care
DSED
Children with ______________ actively approach/interact with unfamiliar adults and show 2 symptoms of the following: - minimal reticence in approaching unfamiliar adults - Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior that is inconsistent with age-appropriate social boundaries - Diminished checking back with caregiver after venturing away - Willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
DSED stands for...
Secure
In ___________ attachment, the child develops trust that their needs are going to be met, the child feels loved and knows that everything will be ok
Empirically-based
In __________________ treatment, caregiver qualities influence the quality of the attachment
Reactive Attachment Disorder
In _____________________ the child has gone through such severe neglect/abuse that they do not have any attachment
To do no harm
Many Attachment Therapys go against basic ethical principles of clinical practice: "____________________"
The Strange Situation
Mary Ainsworth created a lab called "__________________" that tests the quality of attachment
Attachment Therapy
Methods of __________________ are rage reduction, holding therapy, rebirthing therapy
Separation Anxiety
Normal __________________ last to about 18-24 months of age
Temperament
One possible solution as to why some children develop RAD vs DSED could be _____________________
5
RAD has to be evident before the age of ____ and would not be diagnosed before the age of 9 months
Reactive Attachment Disorder
RAD stands for _____________________
Failure to Thrive
Rene Spitz studied babies in institutions that would give up and called this "__________________"
7-9
Secure attachment shows up at around ______ months of age
Disorganized
The __________________ attachment style is linked with having the highest rate of mental health issues
Disorganized
The __________________ attachment style results from abusive parents or long separation Child feels torn between going to caregiver for help and avoiding caregiver for fear of being hurt
Primary Caregiver
The __________________ can be anybody but it is most often the mother because she is the one nursing the baby
Avoidant
The __________________ insecure attachment style results from disengaged parents that have not been able to meet the needs of their child and the child does not go to the caregiver for help and also reject their attempts to reconnect Parents are neglectful, disengaged, and have not been available
Inhibited
The __________________ type of Reactive Attachment Disorder is characterized by the *absence of social behavior*
Disinhibited
The _____________________ Social Engagement Disorder is characterized by *abnormal social behavior*
Reactive Attachment Disorder
The _____________________ has been split by the DSM-5 into two separate disorders called Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Watson
The behaviorist named __________________ wrote a book about not holding your baby too much because you may spoil them
Disruptive Behavior Disorders
The disorders Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct disorder are examples of ______________________________________ and are not to be confused with DSED
Secure base
The parent is a "__________________" and when the parent is around, the child is comfortable and at ease
Attachment Therapy
The theory of this treatment for attachment disorder is that the child is manipulative, has repressed rage, and needs to re-form attachment by re-parenting
Insecure
There are two types of _____________ attachment: Anxious ambivalent and Anxious avoidant
2-3
There is a law against a daycare having more than _______ babies per caregiver
Poor Attachment
These are all risk factors for __________________: - Maltreatment/Neglect - Poverty - Marital discord/partner violence - Institutional care/orphanages - Caregiver characteristics
Bowlby
This Attachment Theory was proposed by __________________: The importance of holding babies and loving them
Disorganized
This attachment style can be confusing for the child because the parent is a source of comfort but also pain and anxiety
Ambivalent/Resistant
This attachment style clings to the parent but also pushes the parent away after being left
Ambivalent/resistant
This attachment style results from a parent being inconsistent and not attuned to their child's needs Parent is inattentive, inadequate, and unavailable
RAD
This disorder can be confused with autism or depression
Rage reduction Therapy
This form of attachment therapy involves the therapist yelling at the child to elicit the release of child's rage
Rebirthing therapy
This form of attachment therapy involves wrapping child in blanket and mimicking wound contractions forcing child to fight their way out This method actually suffocated and killed a child
The Strange Situation
This lab tests how well the child can use the caregiver as a source of comfort/secure base It also pays attention to how fast the child's distress goes away once the caregiver returns
Disorganized
This rare attachment style is when the child is scared of the caregiver and approach caregivers with reluctance
Marital Discord/Partner Violence
This risk factor involves parents being distracted by their own conflict and this can be sensed by babies which causes them to feel unsafe
Poverty
This risk factor involves single parent households, low quality daycare facilities, older siblings caring for infants, parents working long hours
Institutional care/orphanages
This risk factor leads to children having attachment disorders, huge behavioral problems along with social and emotional problems
Caregiver characteristics
This risk factor may involve mental illness, active addictions, personality disorders, unresolved loss or trauma which may lead to shaking babies, or neglecting babies
Maltreatment/Neglect
This risk factor sets children up for having an attachment disorder Parents that are addicted to drugs end up neglecting their babies Just because a baby is removed from mother's care due to neglect does not mean they will be placed into a perfect home
Attachment Therapy
This type of treatment for attachment disorders is controversial and dangerous
Social Phobia
To differentiate a diagnosis: Extreme shyness and ability to still form a secure attachment is not a symptom of RAD but is a symptom of _____________________
Autism Spectrum Disorder
To differentiate a diagnosis: The symptoms of communication deficits and language problems are not indicative of RAD but are indicative of _____________________
ADHD
To differentiate a diagnosis: ____________ is an impulsive disorder but is not nearly as disabling as DSED and typically does not show abnormal social relationships they way that DSED does
Intellectual Disability
To differentiate a diagnosis: Usually kids with RAD can catch up while kids with _____________________ cannot
3
When a mother is depressed, her child may have significant behavioral problems at the age of ______
Insufficient caregiving
When dealing with differential diagnoses, it is important to look for the history of ____________________________ to determine if a symptom is indicative of RAD or DSED
Mary Ainsworth
Who was John Bowlby's Student?
RAD
With _______________ disorder, a child is showing an absence of attachment behaviors and has a *consistent pattern of inhibited or emotionally withdrawn behaviors toward adult caregivers*
2/3
_______ of kids are born with a healthy attachment where they are almost immediately at ease once back in the arms of their caregiver
Secure
____________ Attachment happens when the parents have been physically and emotionally available to child, hold the child a lot, and are attuned to the child
Secure
____________ attachment becomes an internal working model where the child internalizes this idea that they are worthy of being loved and are able to trust
RAD
____________ children will minimally seek comfort when distressed and minimally respond to comfort
Empirically-based
__________________ Treatment for attachment disorders include: - Improving parent sensitivity/consistency - Increasing environmental stability/structure - Teaching appropriate responsiveness
Ambivalent/resistant
__________________ attachment style children become really distressed when parent leaves and when parent comes back, child clings to the parent and is unable to be soothed
Bowlby
__________________ believed that infants have a tendency to seek closeness with another person and they feel secure when someone is available
Bowlby
__________________ believed that we are born social beings and we biologically have these tendencies and we are naturally attached to our parents to facilitate survival
Mary Ainsworth
__________________ created a lab setting to test the quality of attachment called "The Strange Situation"
Attachment
__________________ is linked with peer status, cognitive ability, protects kids against behavioral problems, foundation for your social identity
Reactive Attachment Disorder
_____________________ used to be know to have 2 subtypes: Inhibited and Disinhibited
Evidence-based
________________________ Interventions: - start with a good assessment by a trained professional - target the caregiver and environmental changes - promote safety, trust, and sensitivity - teach relationship building activities - Behavior modification