psyc ch. 16 examples

dispostional causes, situational causes

A self-serving bias is a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to ____ and negative outcomes to ____.

cognitive dissonance theory

Lewis has agreed to proofread a long legal brief that Trudy has written, even though he doesn't really like Trudy. Lewis knows that he will not receive any additional pay for his extra work, and he thinks that proofreading is one of the most boring jobs there is. However, after the legal brief is finished, Lewis decides that proofreading isn't such a bad job after all; he feels that at times he actually enjoyed the exacting work. The change in attitude that Lewis has experienced can BEST be explained using

stereotype

Marsha believes that all news reporters are cynical, doubting individuals who would sell their souls for an exclusive story. In this case, Marsha's beliefs about the traits and behaviors of news reporters are one example of

external unstable, external stable

Martha wins three games of backgammon in a row, even though she has never played before. If Martha assumes she has "beginner's luck," she is making an ____ attribution about her success; if she decides backgammon is an easy game, she is making an ____ attribution about her success.

friendly and competent or smart

One of your friends brings her cousin Eric to a party. Eric is very attractive. You are MOST likely to view Eric as also being

as a member of the outgroup

Patty is a member of a jury, and she has voted "guilty." All the other jury members have voted "not guilty." At this point in time, the other jury members should classify Patty

fundamental attribution error

Ralph watches as a customer with at least 40 items lines up at his express checkout line. He decides the customer must be a real "idiot" to miss the sign that indicates Ralph's checkout line is an express line with a limit of 10 items. Ralph's attribution for the cause of the customer's behavior is consistent with

illusory correlation

Sharon has only actually met three musicians who have had full beards, and she has also met three musicians who were clean-shaven. Still, she believes that MOST musicians have beards. Sharon's belief reflects

made an internal attribution

Tally just heard that her neighbor, Rupert, was involved in an automobile accident. If Tally concludes that Rupert's reckless driving habits caused the accident, she has

trustworthiness

Which of the following characteristics is MOST likely to enhance the credibility of the source of a persuasive message?