psyc test 2

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone

ghrelin

The endocrine system consists of

glands

If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, they are said to

have content validity.

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles.

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of:

a heuristic.

Alpha waves are associated with

a relaxed but awake state

Melissa is a graduate student in a theological studies program. The fact that her dreams often involve abstract theological issues and biblical metaphors is best explained by

cognitive development theory.

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop:

concepts.

The athletic intelligence seen in the smart split-second responses of highly skilled tennis players best illustrates the value of:

intuition.

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

latent content

The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by

LSD

Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates:

a fixation.

Spearman's g factor refers to

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapses into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from

narcolepsy.

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

natural selection

While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different

neural networks

At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the

pituitary gland

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

verbally report that she saw a boy.

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with ________ sleep.

NREM-3

A 9-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 12-year-old was said to have an IQ of:

133

A 6-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have a mental age of:

9

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)

ACh antagonist.

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

NREM-3 sleep; NREM-1 sleep

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.

Freud's wish-fulfillment

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.

REM

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

Which of the following would be particularly useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?

a PET scan

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:

an algorithm.

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is

an all-or-none response

After two years of regularly smoking cigarettes, Lynette is preparing to quit. Which of the following symptoms of nicotine withdrawal is she most likely to experience when she first discontinues smoking?

anxiety

A high school counselor gave Amy a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Amy most likely took an ________ test.

aptitude

After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he could no longer figure out how to find his way around his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his

association areas

Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it had been originally. This best illustrates:

belief perseverance.

The brain's oldest region is the

brainstem

A neuron is best described as a(n)

cell

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

cerebral cortex

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates:

confirmation bias

Some neuroscientists believe that synchronized activity across different regions of the brain is a sign of

conscious awareness.

Workplace managers who want to foster novel ideas and adaptive responses to new challenges should try to promote the ________ of their employees.

creative intelligence

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of the memory and response time of 50- to 75-year-olds on timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) ________ study.

cross-sectional

Comparing the current intelligence test scores among people from distinctly different age groups requires:

cross-sectional studies.

Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.

decrease; increase

At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

delta waves.

Research suggests that girls are more skilled than boys at:

detecting other people's emotions.

As a result of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience:

difficulty speaking in a grammatically correct and fluent way.

An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to

do all these things

A skilled tennis player's brain and body respond automatically to an oncoming serve before becoming consciously aware of the ball's trajectory. This best illustrates our capacity for

dual processing.

June's correct solution to a novel arithmetic problem was simultaneously facilitated by unconscious inferences and the conscious application of mathematical principles. This best illustrates the value of

dual processing.

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

endorphins

Jason and Alex are biologically unrelated adolescents who were adopted as infants and raised together. For which of the following are Jason and Alex least likely to resemble each other any more than they resemble a genetically unrelated adolescent from another home in their neighborhood?

extraversion

Which procedure is used to identify the different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores?

factor analysis

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of:

framing.

The limbic system's hippocampus

helps process explicit memories for storage

The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people are attributable to genetic factors is known as the ________ of intelligence.

heritability

Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

high; low

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

hypothalamus.

In one experiment, many of the research participants who were keeping track of basketball tosses between players failed to notice a gorilla-suited research assistant thumping his chest as he moved among the players. This best illustrated

inattentional blindness.

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries, the heritability of general intelligence (g) ________ between middle childhood and adolescence and it ________ between adolescence and young adulthood.

increased; increased

The vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are

interneurons

The similarity between intelligence scores of fraternal twins raised together is:

less than that between identical twins raised apart.

Dr. Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) ________ study

longitudinal

Dr. Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) ________ study.

longitudinal

Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ________ test.

math problem-solving; verbal fluency

In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust the production of

melatonin

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of

melatonin.

A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers

more neurons to fire, and to fire more often

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins report ________ similarity in neuroticism, and ________ similarity in extraversion.

more; more

Intelligence test scores are LEAST similar for:

nontwin siblings raised together.

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit:

overconfidence.

Which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?

oxytocin

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality traits

After Clark's hand had been amputated, he gradually began to feel sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his arm was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of

plasticity

Although James lost some manual dexterity following brain damage from a stroke, the development of new neural pathways enabled him to regain most of his lost agility. This best illustrates the value of

plasticity

If you lose a foot, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the formerly adjoined leg. This best illustrates the value of

plasticity

With assistance from the ______, the cerebellum regulates ________.

pons; physical coordination and balance

University grades are used to assess the ________ of college entrance exams such as the SAT.

predictive validity

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves reading their assigned chapters, going over their notes, and eliminating study distractions. This ________ simulation had a ________ effect on their exam scores.

process; positive

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird.

prototype

As needed, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes.

raises; dilates

The number of neurotransmitter molecules located within a specific synaptic gap would most clearly be reduced by

reuptake

Although diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as:

savant syndrome.

While engrossed in reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates

selective attention

A teenager focused on texting while crossing the street is not likely to notice a car rounding the corner and about to cross her path. This best illustrates the impact of

selective attention.

Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of

selective mating.

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.

sequential processing; parallel processing

Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity?

sleep apnea

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for purposes of:

standardization.

You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the

sympathetic nervous system

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the

synaptic gaps.

The inability to recognize familiar faces even though one can clearly see and describe features of the faces is associated with damage to the right ________ lobe.

temporal

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

thalamus

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of:

the availability heuristic.

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on

the circadian rhythm.

When working an occasional night shift, people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up. This best illustrates the impact of

the circadian rhythm.

To prevent or reduce marijuana use, young people should be educated about

the long-term costs of regular marijuana use.

Gerald has experienced increasing difficulties with muscle weakness, motor coordination, and body balance, which physicians have attributed to multiple sclerosis. These symptoms are most likely to be directly linked with the degeneration of

the myelin sheath

When he saw a single red jelly bean surrounded by a dozen other while jelly beans, Jeremy's attention was quickly drawn to the red-colored jelly bean. This best illustrates

the pop out phenomenon.

According to Robert Sternberg's ________ theory, there are ________ intelligences.

triarchic; three

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with

unconscious mental activity