PSYC151 Unit 5 (Chpt. 11, 14, and 15)

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A highly effective way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to focus more attention on themselves.

False

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance that is biologically caused, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

False

According to research, stress that takes the form of daily hassles seems to have no effect on our psychological or physical health.

False

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as appraisal-focused coping.

False

Cognitive therapy for the treatment of depression is most likely to focus on helping people to associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

False

Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide substantial benefits to patients with both mild and severe symptoms of depression.

False

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of biomedical therapies.

False

Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by previous experiences.

False

Research on the gender difference in the diagnosis of depression, with women being diagnosed at a greater rate, has revealed that the difference can be explained on the basis of differences in hormones and levels of some neurotransmitters.

False

Schizophrenia is characterized by multiple personalities.

False

Stress causes diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

False

Studies of identical and fraternal twins indicate that the heritability of happiness is close to zero.

False

The DSM-5 attempts to explain the causes of the various psychological disorders, and provide guidelines for treating them.

False

The perception that our fate is determined by chance reflects internal locus of control.

False

The saying that "money can't buy happiness" has been fully supported by empirical research.

False

The therapeutic value of insight and self-awareness is emphasized by cognitive therapies.

False

Twin and adoption studies confirm that disorders such as depression and schizophrenia are completely heritable.

False

A criticism of the medical model of mental disorders is that it neglects the importance of social circumstances and psychological factors.

True

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

True

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that combines techniques from various forms of therapy.

True

As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the autonomic nervous system

True

Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient characteristics is called evidence-based practice.

True

Cognitive therapy is a therapeutic approach emphasizing that people are often disturbed emotionally and behaviorally because of their negative interpretations of events.

True

Compared with the general population, those who have suffered depression are at greater risk of suicide.

True

Drugs used to treat mental disorders change the process of neural transmission.

True

Evidence suggests that aerobic exercise may foster neurogenesis.

True

Following a catastrophic earthquake, residents of one community came together and provided each other with emotional support. This reaction illustrates the tend-and-befriend response.

True

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by changing behaviors and thought patterns.

True

Irrational beliefs and hypervigilance to any possible threats can contribute to feelings of anxiety. This illustrates that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD can be affected by cognitive influences.

True

Levels of social support are positively correlated with physical and psychological health.

True

Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This illustrates resilience.

True

One person regards a new job as a challenge, whereas another regards the same new job as a potential threat. These different perceptions illustrate differences in cognitive appraisal.

True

People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.

True

People who typically anticipate that their outcomes in life will be negative are characterized as pessimistic.

True

Phobic and anxious behaviors involving the avoidance of the associated stimulus or circumstances may increase in frequency because they reduce anxiety. This illustrates the impact of reinforcement.

True

Posttraumatic growth is the positive psychological change that results from struggling with extremely challenging life crises.

True

Psychoanalysis has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven.

True

Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.

True

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, schizophrenia and depression occur worldwide.

True

The DSM-5 has been criticized for classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as disordered.

True

The best outcome studies for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy involve randomized, experimental clinical trials.

True

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity.

True

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they are more willing to help others.

True

The least-used biomedical intervention for changing thoughts and behavior is psychosurgery, in part because its effects are irreversible.

True

There is a negative correlation between income and the incidence of psychological disorders.

True


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