PSYC151 Unit 5 (Chpt. 11, 14, and 15)
A highly effective way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to focus more attention on themselves.
False
A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance that is biologically caused, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.
False
According to research, stress that takes the form of daily hassles seems to have no effect on our psychological or physical health.
False
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as appraisal-focused coping.
False
Cognitive therapy for the treatment of depression is most likely to focus on helping people to associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
False
Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide substantial benefits to patients with both mild and severe symptoms of depression.
False
Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of biomedical therapies.
False
Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by previous experiences.
False
Research on the gender difference in the diagnosis of depression, with women being diagnosed at a greater rate, has revealed that the difference can be explained on the basis of differences in hormones and levels of some neurotransmitters.
False
Schizophrenia is characterized by multiple personalities.
False
Stress causes diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
False
Studies of identical and fraternal twins indicate that the heritability of happiness is close to zero.
False
The DSM-5 attempts to explain the causes of the various psychological disorders, and provide guidelines for treating them.
False
The perception that our fate is determined by chance reflects internal locus of control.
False
The saying that "money can't buy happiness" has been fully supported by empirical research.
False
The therapeutic value of insight and self-awareness is emphasized by cognitive therapies.
False
Twin and adoption studies confirm that disorders such as depression and schizophrenia are completely heritable.
False
A criticism of the medical model of mental disorders is that it neglects the importance of social circumstances and psychological factors.
True
A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
True
An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that combines techniques from various forms of therapy.
True
As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the autonomic nervous system
True
Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient characteristics is called evidence-based practice.
True
Cognitive therapy is a therapeutic approach emphasizing that people are often disturbed emotionally and behaviorally because of their negative interpretations of events.
True
Compared with the general population, those who have suffered depression are at greater risk of suicide.
True
Drugs used to treat mental disorders change the process of neural transmission.
True
Evidence suggests that aerobic exercise may foster neurogenesis.
True
Following a catastrophic earthquake, residents of one community came together and provided each other with emotional support. This reaction illustrates the tend-and-befriend response.
True
Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by changing behaviors and thought patterns.
True
Irrational beliefs and hypervigilance to any possible threats can contribute to feelings of anxiety. This illustrates that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD can be affected by cognitive influences.
True
Levels of social support are positively correlated with physical and psychological health.
True
Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This illustrates resilience.
True
One person regards a new job as a challenge, whereas another regards the same new job as a potential threat. These different perceptions illustrate differences in cognitive appraisal.
True
People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.
True
People who typically anticipate that their outcomes in life will be negative are characterized as pessimistic.
True
Phobic and anxious behaviors involving the avoidance of the associated stimulus or circumstances may increase in frequency because they reduce anxiety. This illustrates the impact of reinforcement.
True
Posttraumatic growth is the positive psychological change that results from struggling with extremely challenging life crises.
True
Psychoanalysis has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven.
True
Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.
True
Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, schizophrenia and depression occur worldwide.
True
The DSM-5 has been criticized for classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as disordered.
True
The best outcome studies for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy involve randomized, experimental clinical trials.
True
The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity.
True
The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they are more willing to help others.
True
The least-used biomedical intervention for changing thoughts and behavior is psychosurgery, in part because its effects are irreversible.
True
There is a negative correlation between income and the incidence of psychological disorders.
True
