Psych 100 cowden tests 1-3

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

PET

Bulimia is a disorder in which you sharply restrict your food consumption.

false

Individuals in collectivistic cultures (such as China) display emotions more dramatically and clearly than individuals in individualistic cultures (such as Britain).

false

It was Koffka who first studied conditioned reflexes.

false

Sexual orientation is something that you can change.

false

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

Skinner designed his Skinner box to:

rewarding behavior, thus increasing it.

A widely accepted theory is that part of the brain "defends" a certain weight, that is, that it helps keep us constant over time. Likewise, this area is theorized to increase or decrease our metabolism to defend a steady weight. This concept is called and the brain area is the

set point theory; hypothalamus

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

smell

According to the web article from the American Psychological Association, the average psychologist makes how much per year? (Labeled General in the graphic).

80 thousand

The psychological subfield most likely to study learning and memory is:

Both cognitive and educational psychology are good answers.

Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning?

CT

The Freudian psychic structure which emphasizes reason and rationality is called the

Ego

The Freudian defense mechanism that reduces anxiety by forgetting is called regression.

False

Critical thinking: Dave's friends are on various high school sports teams, and are very fit. John's friends are more fond of computer games, and tend to be overweight. Which of the following is true?

John is more likely to be overweight than Dave.

Which of the following is a way that the Kinsey research differed from the Masters and Johnson research?

Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature.

The words "sexual" and "social" should be switched.

Clinical psychologists do psychological assessments as well as diagnosis and therapy for people with mental disorders.

True

The Big 5 personality trait that indicates a willingness to try new things is known as extroversion.

True

The most influential personality model today is the Five Factor model.

True

Which brain area is most likely to be activated when you experience fear and anxety?

amygdala

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?

amygdala

Atypical hormone exposure during prenatal development sometimes leads to the development of masculine-appearing genitals in newborns with XX chromosomes. This best illustrates:

an intersex condition.

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Which degree would allow you to teach psychology in high school?

associates

Late maturing boys are ________.

at higher risk for depression

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.

biological; social

________ individuals experience emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and other-sexed individuals.

bisexual

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to the Schachter-Singer law, simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, and complex tasks are performed best when arousal is low.

change the phrase "Schachter-Singer" to the phrase "Yerkes-Dodson"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Persistence refers to lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention.

change the word "persistence" to the word "absent-mindedness"

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; dna

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

chunking

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

dopamine

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

A(n) ________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

emotion; mood

Alice worries too much, which gives her trouble sleeping, and she gnaws her fingernails down to bloody stubs. She is high in the personality trait known as

emotional instability

What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?

equipotentiality hypothesis

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

The area of psychology most interested in criminal behavior is:

forensic psychology.

change the phrase "Schachter-Singer" to the phrase "Yerkes-Dodson"

genes and biological factors.

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

hindsight bias

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

What part of the brain is most important for hunger and for satiation (the feeling that you don't want to eat any more)? Which part of the brain is most important for the sex drive?

hypothalamus; amygdala

Dino loves wine, women, and song. He's too wild and undependable, so he keeps getting fired. However, he can always find a friend or lover to put him up, because he's so spontaneous and fun-loving. He appears to be ____-dominant, in Freud's terms.

id dominant

Where does the US fall on the affective vs. neutral scale?

in the middle

Countries that encourage freedom and personal decision making are . Those that emphasize interpersonal interdependence are .

individualistic; collectivistic

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage, according to Maslow?

initiative vs. guilt

Some individuals are born with physical elements of both males and females. Such individuals are:

intersexed

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge

In order for a memory to be permanent, it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long term

The Greek word "psyche" means ____________.[l1]

mind

Research shows that ________; performance tends to suffer ________.

moderate arousal is generally best; when arousal is very high or very low

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

moral reasoning

Miguel lives in a country where personal relationships are important and the pace of life is very slow. When you go to a neighbor's to borrow a tool, you visit for an hour first, to reaffirm your personal connection. Your returning of the tool is flexible, depending on whether it rains, how busy you are, etc. This culture is probably

particularistic

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

The most basic level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy are:

physiological needs

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

preoperational

When you see someone else as having a trait you yourself possess (e.g., jealousy) that means the defense mechanism is at work. But when you unleash anger on someone who doesn't deserve it that indicates the defense mechanism called .

projection; displacement

Temperament has two basic components; they are__________.

reactivity; self regulation

Georgia suffers from crushing guilt, subjecting herself to strong criticism for not reaching her perfectionistic standards. She is high in the Freudian psychic structure known as

superego

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

Critical thinking: people in collectivist cultures show more socially oriented personality traits and those in individualistic cultures show more personally oriented traits.

true

Dave likes to argue for argument's sake, and seems to be generally angry, having a chip on his shoulder. He is low in the Big 5 trait of agreeableness.

true

Freud's psychoanalaytic theory emphasizes unconscious urges, and early childhood experiences.

true

Originally, psychology in the United States was heavily dominated by white, straight males of European descent.

true

Transgender individuals are those whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex.

true

True or false? People typically eat more when there is more available, or larger portion sizes are offered. . This is true even of nutritionists.

true; true

Dave lives in a country which is strict about rule following. People don't cross the street till the sign says to, they obey traffic lights, and contractual obligations are highly respected. People pretty much pay their income taxes honestly. Which of the 6 cultural dimensions fits this society best?

universalism

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.

vocabulary spurt

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory.

what the word chocolate means

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.

your first day of school