Psych 101 Chapter 15
Unconditional Positive Regard
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
Client-Centered Therapy
A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also called person-centered therapy).
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Lobotomy
A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
Aversive Conditioning
A type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
Systematic Desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
Insight Therapies
A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
Cognitive Therapy
Aaron Beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients' irrational thinking. His therapeutic approach best illustrates
Cognitive
Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
Antidepressant drugs are increasingly being prescribed for the treatment of
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditiong
Exposure Therapies
Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.
Often need to convince themselves that they did not waste time on therapy
Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients
Evidence-Based Practice
Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research and clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events
Cognitive therapists are most likely to
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of
Antianxiety Drugs
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
Antidepressant Drugs
Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD
Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
Neurogenesis
Electroconvulsive therapy appears to promote
Active Listening
Empathic Listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client-centered therapy
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
Thorazine
Jordan experiences delusions of persecution, and irrelevant sights or sounds consistently distract him from things that require his attention. Which of the following drugs is most likely to relieve these distressing symptoms?
Stigmatized
Most self-help and support groups focus on ______ illnesses.
Biomedical Therapy
Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology
Establishing programs to wipeout poverty and other demoralizing situations
Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the likelihood of psychological disorders by
Token Economy
Proponents of behavior modification have suggested that institutionalized patients can be weaned from ________ by shifting them to other rewards common to life outside an institution.
Attend to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists
Psychoanalysts are most likely to
Interpersonal Relationships
Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their
Depression
Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be especially successful in the treatment of
Briefer
Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.
Behavior Therapy
Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of
Depression
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results
The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found?
Joseph Wolpe
The exposure therapies used today were refined by
Cognitive Therapy
The goal of encouraging therapy clients to reduce their incapacitating anxiety by saying positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations best illustrates a form of
Resilience
The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy
Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because
Group Therapy
Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
Psychodynamic Therapy
Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.
Behavior Therapy
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Cognitive Therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Family Therapy
Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
Counterconditioning
To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques, consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Which form of therapy has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Client-Centered Therapy
Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy?
Vagus-Nerve Stimulation
Which of the following is used to treat depression with a chest-implanted electrical device that periodically sends signals that affect the limbic system?
Sigmund Freud
Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?
ECT
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
