PSYCH 1560 Chapter 5 Quiz

Typically, long pauses in responding are found in ________ schedules.

fixed-interval

________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

pavlov

As part of a behavior modification program, Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if they complete their assigned household chores by the end of the day. Such praise is an example of

positive reinforcement

The term reward is associated with

positive reinforcement only.

Exposure to media violence

predisposes people to view nonaggressive acts by others as aggressive.

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called

reinforcement

Which of the following statements is true of variable-interval schedules?

responding occurs at a steady rate

Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

A café offers its customers a punch card. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron receives a free beverage.

________ is a technique for promoting the frequency of desirable conducts and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

Behavior modification

Which of the following is TRUE about stimulus control training?

In stimulus control training, a behavior is reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus.

Which of the following statements is true of negative reinforcement?

It involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

Which of the following statements is true of observational learning?

Models who are rewarded for a behavior are more apt to be mimicked than are models who receive punishment

Dr. Simonelli is a practicing behavior analyst. What does she do?

She specializes in behavior modification techniques.

Which of the following is TRUE of stimulus generalization?

The greater the similarity between two stimuli, the greater the likelihood of stimulus generalization.

In the context of operant conditioning, which of the following is true of reinforcement?

The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in the reinforcement of behavior

Which of the following is a characteristic of people with an analytical learning style?

They have a good memory for abstract ideas.

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies negative reinforcement?

Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound.

In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus are presented together during

acquisition

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between

behavior and consequences

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of as ________ stimuli.

conditioned

Many people experience hunger pangs at the sight of McDonald's golden arches. In the context of classical conditioning, the golden arches are a(n) ________ and the hunger pangs on seeing the arches are a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus; conditioned response

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener, which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served. The cat does not run when a blender is used, although it sounds similar. June's cat is demonstrating stimulus

discrimination

In the context of classical conditioning, which of the following actions is most likely to produce extinction?

ending the association between conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli

Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus begins

just before the unconditioned stimulus begins

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as ________ learning

latent

Viewing violent media

lowers inhibitions against behaving aggressively.

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she is not completing her assignments on time. This is an example of

negative punishment.

Mrs. Martin, a third-grade teacher, is instructing cursive writing. At first, she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on, though, she reinforces only well-formed letters. By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters, Mrs. Martin is using

shaping

Albert Bandura's perspective on learning is referred to as a(n) ________ approach to learning because of its reliance on observation of others.

social cognitive

________ is a process in which, after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response.

stimulus generalization