psych 19 Final study guide

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 453

cognitive-behavioral and drug therapies

Which of these is NOT a factor that contributes to Alzheimer's disease? REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 486

exposure to zinc or lead is

Those MOST at risk of becoming a victim of a pedophile are: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 453

prepubescent girls

Which statement BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers? REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 408

4+ more people, not a new phenomenon, suffer from a mental disorder but none have received clear support

In general, the closer that people are genetically related to someone with schizophrenia, the more likely they are to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well. This is evidence of _____ between a schizophrenia diagnosis and the degree of closeness of relationship. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 371

A positive correlation between a schizophrenia diagnosis and closeness of relationship COMMON AMONG RELATIVES, MORE CLOSER = more likely to get it

Since leaded gasoline was phased out in the United States, one would expect to observe all of these, EXCEPT: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 485

CAN contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease , many exposed in the 1960s and 1970s , may have a negative effect in current cognitive functioning

The pattern of _______ characterized by secretive destructive behaviors such as violating other people's property, breaking and entering, and setting fires is called a covert-destructive pattern. REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 445

Conduct Disorder

Neurocognitive disorder due to _______ is an inherited progressive syndrome in which memory problems, along with personality changes, mood difficulties, and severe twitching and spasms, worsen over time. REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 487

Huntington's disease

A patient who has schizotypal personality disorder asks their therapist about drug treatments. What might the therapist say about the use of drug treatments?REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 404

In low doses, they seem to help some clients

If a person with paranoid schizophrenia committed murder and was not able to control his or her actions and follow the law, that person would NOT be eligible for an insanity defense under the: REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 497

M'Naghten test

_______ are twisted protein fibers found within the neurons of the hippocampus and other brain structures. REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 483

Neurofibrillary tangles

Which person would be diagnosed correctly with intellectual disability? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 461

One with an IQ of 70 having problems coping with life

Parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD ask what caused it. Based on current research, the BEST response is: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 450

Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors. -biological

Metabolic disorders that affect intelligence and development are typically caused by the pairing of two defective _______ genes. REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 465

Recessive

_______ personality disorder is characterized by a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities. REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 403

Schizotypal

In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of these is MOST likely? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 330

The person is a man both?

What must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty? REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 496

The person must be capable of helping to defending himself or herself in court

What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 358

Trans- incongruence b/ween gender identity / birth anatomy by means of hormonal admin or gender reassignment surgery Gender dysphoria- (90% of trans people have this) due to distress or dysfunction @ home, work, school, and social relationships

A popular belief posits that taking _______ along with a drug designed to affect acetylcholine and glutamate will help slow down some of the cognitive difficulties experienced by people in the mild stage of Alzheimer's disease. REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 487

VITAMIN E

Which theoretical orientation is MOST helpful in understanding the origin of gender identity disorder? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 459

biological gender-change procedures

How are childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder different from adult patterns that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder?REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 443

children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

An elderly person has been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, but the disorder is not Alzheimer's disease. Among the elderly, such a diagnosis is: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 481

common—about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not Alzheimer's disease. MILD NEURO

Among the elderly, there is a positive correlation between: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 475

depression and mortality rate

What is the name of the comprehensive treatment approach applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent?REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 414

dialectical behavioral training

The _______ approach is based on the belief that personality disorders differ more in degree than in type of dysfunction. As such, they should be classified by the severity of personality traits, rather than by the presence or absence of specific traits. REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 398

dimensional

The original theory to help explain the role of neurotransmitters as the cause of schizophrenia is known as the _______. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 371

dopamine hypothesis

Erica has moderate intellectual disability. She also has a smaller than average head, a flat face, and high cheekbones. Her condition is MOST likely: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 464

downsyndrome; moderate

Stalkers sometimes have _____, which is/are defined as false belief(s) that they are loved by and are in a relationship with the object of their attention. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 370

erotomania/ erotomanic delusions

Which condition would MOST likely be treated with masturbatory satiation? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 350

fetish disorder

What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred method of achieving sexual excitement? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 349

fetishism

Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 458

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is no longer able to function independently. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this person's condition is: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 480

major neurocognitive disorder

If one were to develop drugs that increase or maintain the production of _____, then this could be used to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease. REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 485

memory-linked proteins

If the schizophrenia-related brain circuit contains distinctive subcircuits, then one would expect to observe: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 374

one circuit that is more active when positive symptoms are present, and the other more active when negative symptoms are present

Which statement BEST describes treatment for narcissistic personality disorder? REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 419

one of the most difficult personality patterns to treat since the clients are unable to acknowledge weaknesses to appreciate the effect of their behavior on others or to incorporate feedback from others

Given the changes in sex-offender laws, the emphasis of concern appears to be swinging toward: REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 501

protecting children

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 403

schizotypal personality disorder

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual disability? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 464

severe or profound

Shawn cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 454

sexual masochism

Hypoxyphilia, the strangulation or smothering of a person to enhance their sexual pleasure, is one form of _______. REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 354

sexual masochism disorder

The extrapyramidal effect that appears after more than six months of drug use and exhibits as bizarre and uncontrollable movements of the face, neck, tongue, and back is known as _______. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 385

tardive dyskinesia

Which is NOT a factor that contributes to the misuse of prescription drugs among the elderly? REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 478

the advent of newer, cheaper, and more potent narcotic medications

If schizophrenia depended solely on genetic make-up, then compared to rates of schizophrenia in siblings in general, fraternal twins should have: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 371

the same concordance rate for schizo. If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. ONLY A 17% CHANCE OF GETTING IT

Cross-dressing is another term for: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 350

transvestism

Comorbidity describes a situation in which: REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 398

two disorders occur together in an individual

A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 463

tying shoelaces, buttoning shirts, zipping pants, assembling puzzles, building models, playing ball, and printing or writing

With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is: REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 427

uncommon. Most clients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help; this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is to _____, as Huntington's disease is to _____. REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 487

viral cause; genetic cause

A friend tells you that his 70-year-old grandmother is in good physical health but has been diagnosed with depression. He wonders if she should even bother getting therapy. "She is pretty old, after all." Based on current research, the BEST answer is: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 475

"Yes, more than half of elderly patients show improvement with treatment." -cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, medication

What is the primary source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 454

Victims suffering

An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate to her. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition is: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 479

delirium.

Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of intellectual disability? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 464

mild disability

Which does dialectical behavior therapy NOT emphasize? REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 414

use of antipsychotic meds in an outpatient setting- it DOES emphasize on clients efforts at self-harm and or suicide

A person who has _______ may rub his genitals against an unsuspecting person in a crowded theater. REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 352

frotteurism

Schizophrenia researchers have been: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 379

furthering discovery that an overreactive HPA stress pathway and chronic stress reactions lead to the development of a dysfunctional immune system, characterized by heightened inflammation throughout the brain

In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 368

inappropriate affect.

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty _____ relationships. REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 422

initiating; separating

In order to identify when in a sexual encounter anxiety about sex first arose, Joonhee is imagining sexual scenes. What therapeutic technique is Joonhee engaging in? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 343

affectual awareness

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using a(n): REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 459

an augmentative communication system.

Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all EXCEPT: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 377

approve of one another's actions.

Paul has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He remains standing for hours in odd positions and refuses to be moved. Paul is likely experiencing: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 369

catatonic rigidity.

Who has the burden of proof for an insanity plea? REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 496

defense (being able to commit the crime and capable of defending themselves in court if not they can plead not guilty of they have severe mental instability and so they should not be punished the usual way)

A man has been taught to masturbate almost to orgasm, and then to insert his penis for intercourse. He is being treated for: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 345

delayed ejaculation

Which thought would likely be MOST arousing to a voyeur in the act of secretly watching a couple have sex? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 452

the people would be humiliated if they knew I was watching (under observation)

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 444

oppositional defiant disorder

_______, a treatment for childhood anxiety disorders, consists of having children play with toys, draw, and make up stories to handle their conflicts, emotions, and behaviors. REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 440

play therapy

Among those found not guilty by reason of insanity, what is the MOST common diagnosis? REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 498

schizo and psychosis

EMTs need to be sure to ask someone who is taking nitroglycerin if that person also has taken: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 344

sildenafil

What is a pseudocommando mass murderer? REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 408

a person who expects to be killed while committing mass murder

The MOST frequent type of neurocognitive disorder in the elderly is: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 481

Alzheimer's disease

The state has a right to make decisions on behalf of an individual, so long as it is in the individual's best interest. The state also has the right to protect society from harm. These rights have been used to support: REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 504

Civil commitment

Which childhood disorder usually disappears by adulthood? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 438

ELIMINATION DISORDERS

How does the incidence of alcohol abuse change as people age? REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 476

IT DECREASES

What percentage of 17-year-old boys have had heterosexual intercourse? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 333

44 percent

About what percentage of those diagnosed with intellectual disability fall into the category of mild intellectual disability? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 462

80-85%

Schizophrenia is to _____, as Parkinson's disease is to _____. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 373

High levels of dopamine; low levels of dopamine

Which statement about Alzheimer's disease is TRUE? REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 472

It is currently incurable and difficult to treat

Akshay has been experiencing erectile disorder. His therapist thinks the disorder has a sociocultural cause. What could be the cause of Akshay's erectile disorder?REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 336

Loss of a job, financial stress

During which period of life does frotteurism typically develop? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 452

adolescence

People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 369

catatonic excitement

What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus, the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles? REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 340

conditioning of a fear response

One contributing factor to the increase in the number of homeless individuals was the mental health policy of _______. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 390

deinstitutionalization

A belief that unrelated events pertain to oneself in some important way is known as: REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 403

ideas of reference

Which statement BEST describes the limitations of the current treatment options for Alzheimer's disease? REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 487

none of the interventions stop the progression of the disorder

The characteristic of perfectionism and a striving for control are associated with _______ personality disorder. REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 425

obsessive-compulsive

Which of these would provide the strongest evidence supporting a genetic link to schizophrenia? REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 371

similar concordance rates for identical twins raised in different environments and identical twins raised in the same environment

Psychological disorders among the elderly can be divided into two groups: REFERENCES: Chapter 15 Page(s) 474

the process of aging and disorders of cognition

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder? REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 411

They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves

A landmark California court case, Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. This case led to the conclusion that: REFERENCES: Chapter 16 Page(s) 513

a Duty to protect therapist must break the obligation w/out clients consent "to protect the client or others from harm"

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____. REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 366

auditory; grandeur

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the calls of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding the speech MOST likely would be diagnosed with: REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 455

autism spectrum disorder

Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is most like a _____ view. REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 407

behavioral

Lucian always feels like he's been overlooked for all his achievements and that everything anyone says to him is a personal attack. He is extremely jealous of everyone around him and complains whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months; he shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the feelings of persecution and extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is: REFERENCES: Chapter 12 Page(s) 364

delusional disorder

What behavior suggests that a child has autism spectrum disorder? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 455

differences in communication, social interaction, non verbal behaviors, rigid and repetitive behaviors

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 350

having transvestic disorder.

A person with _______ experiences equal or greater sexual arousal from children than from physically mature people. REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 353

pedophilic disorder

The authors of DSM-5 have designed their own dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders for possible inclusion in future revisions of the DSM. The idea is that individuals whose traits significantly impair their functioning should receive a diagnosis of: REFERENCES: Chapter 13 Page(s) 430

personality disorder trait specified.

For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST like the adult pattern? REFERENCES: Chapter 14 Page(s) 438

phobias

A man awakens after eight hours of normal sleep and has an unbroken snap gauge band. There is a good chance that the man has a: REFERENCES: Chapter 11 Page(s) 335

physical basis for his erectile problems