Psych 213 Ch 3

Piaget suggested that secondary circular reactions, the third substage of the sensorimotor stage, occurs between ages __________ and is characterized by the infant becoming more object-oriented, moving beyond preoccupation with the self. A. 1 and 4 months. B. 4 and 8 months C. 8 and 12 months D. 12 and 18 months.

4 and 8 months

The average North American newborn is __________ inches long and weighs __________ pounds. A. 20; 6 ½ B. 20; 7 ½ C. 19; 6 ½ D. 19; 7 ½

20; 7 ½

At birth, the newborn's brain is about ______% of its adult weight. A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75

25

__________ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. A. Perception B. Sensation C. Developmental biodynamics D. Intermodal perception

Sensation

Which of the following statements about the REM sleep of a newborn is FALSE? A. One-half of the sleep cycle is REM sleep. B. Infants often begin their sleep with REM. C. The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with age. D. REM sleep promotes brain development in babies.

The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with age.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for SIDS? A. being Hispanic B. infants passively exposed to cigarette smoke C. low birthweight infants D. infants sleeping on their stomachs

being Hispanic

The main theme of the ecological approach of Eleanor and James Gibson is to discover __________. A. how perception guides action B. how action guides perception C. why action and perception seem unrelated in infant development D. both how perception guides action and how action guides perception

both how perception guides action and how action guides perception

An infant would use which of the following reflexes to obtain food? A. sucking B. rooting C. Moro D. both sucking and rooting

both sucking and rooting

Andrew Meltzoff is known for __________. A. demonstrating how infants can retain information through conditioning B. developing the developmental quotient C. demonstrating infants' imitative abilities D. developing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development

demonstrating infants' imitative abilities

The visual cliff is used to study infant __________. A. depth perception B. visual acuity and color C. visual preferences D. visual expectations

depth perception

Research evaluating Piaget's sensorimotor stage suggests that perceptual development occurs __________ than Piaget suggested, and that conceptual development occurs __________ than Piaget envisioned. A. later; later B. later; earlier C. earlier; later D. earlier; earlier

earlier; earlier

When Jacob says "Me big boy!" his mother replies "Yes, you are a big boy!" This is known as __________. A. recasting B. echoing C. labeling D. expanding

expanding

According to the dynamic systems view, universal milestones such as crawling and walking are caused solely by maturation of the nervous system.

false

Because babies who are in the cooing stage of language development cannot communicate by speaking, they often use gestures such as pointing.

false

Because newborns take several short naps throughout the day, they never fully fall into REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

false

By the second year of life, infants' rate of growth increases dramatically

false

Early motor behaviors always develop in a cephalo-caudal pattern.

false

Piaget emphasized the idea that simply knowing more information allows a child to progress to the next stage of development

false

There is a clear consensus among researchers now that newborns are capable of imitating others.

false

Which of the following is a nutritional recommendation for infants? A. Infants should consume approximately 500 calories per day for each pound they weigh. B. Parents should feed their infant a low-fat, low-calorie diet in order to establish healthy eating habits early on. C. Overall, breast milk is preferable to formula. D. Children under age 2 should consume skim milk.

Overall, breast milk is preferable to formula.

When presented with a sudden, intense noise, Baby Nathan is startled, arches his back, throws back his head, and flings out his arms and legs. This is an example of which reflex? A. grasping B. rooting C. sucking D. Moro

Moro

Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill? A. walking B. lifting your head C. finger dexterity D. crawling

finger dexterity

Habituation measurements are used to assess infant perception and memory.

true

The development of gross motor skills requires postural control.

true

The infants' brain areas do not mature uniformly; some develop earlier than others.

true

A 24-month-old child would most likely communicate with __________. A. babbling B. holophrases C. two-word, telegraphic utterances D. complete sentences

two-word, telegraphic utterances

Which gross motor skill is acquired before sitting without support? A. holding the head erect B. standing with support C. pulling to a stand D. walking

holding the head erect

The term ___________ refers to memory without conscious recollection. A. implicit memory B. explicit memory C. infantile memory D. reflective memory

implicit memory

The term __________ describes the specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain. A. hippocampus B. cephalocaudal C. lateralization D. proximodistal

lateralization

According to Piaget, one of the most important accomplishments in infancy is the development of __________, which allows an infant to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. A. infant-directed speech B. dishabituation C. object permanence D. receptive vocabulary.

object permanence

The __________ principle of development suggests that growth begins at the center of the body and moves toward the extremes. A. size constancy B. proximodistal C. cephalocaudal D. developmental biodynamics

proximodistal

The vocabulary spurt that begins at approximately 18 months involves a _____. A. dramatic increase in receptive vocabulary but not spoken vocabulary B. rapid increase in spoken vocabulary C. decrease in telegraph speech D. temporary delay in language production during brain development

rapid increase in spoken vocabulary

A (An) __________ is a cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences. A. scheme B. primary circular reaction C. intentionality (D. object permanence

scheme

Which of the following is Piaget's stage of cognitive development for infancy? A. formal operational B. concrete operational C. preoperational D. sensorimotor

sensorimotor

Piaget's fifth substage of the sensorimotor period involves __________ circular reactions. At this stage, infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things that they can make happened to objects. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. DQ

tertiary