PSYCH- 218 EXAM 1

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in playing a role in panic disorder? A. serotonin B. GABA C. norepinephrine D. glutamate

Norepinephrine

Forms of Dissociation

amnesia depersonalization derealization identity confusion

Approximately ________ percent of the U.S population will be impacted by panic disorder at some point in their lives. A. 1 B. 5 C. 13 D. 33

5

Sexual assault is one of the most common causes of PTSD. Current data indicate that 1 in _____ women are raped at some point in their lives. A 2 B.3 C.4 D.5 E 6

5 percent

Data indicate that in approximately _______ percent of rape cases, the perpetrator of the assault is either an acquaintance, a family member, or an intimate partner. A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 90

75 %

Which of the following is not one of the major categories of psychotropic medications? A. antipsychotics B. anxiolytics C. antidepressants D. mood stabilizers E. ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors

What is existential therapy?

An insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices.

When adrenal cortex is stimulated _________ is released. What is this called?

Corticosteroids

Concluding that a client's psychological problems and symptoms represent a particular disease is called a: A) Symptom B) Hypothesis C) Diagnosis D) Procedure

Diagnosis

Therapists who believe people hide from responsibilities and tend to alienate themselves is described as: A) Existential B) Humanistic C) Universal

Existential

What is the humanistic perspective?

Free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking

the ______ is concerned with instant gratification of sexual and aggressive desires.

ID

Which of the following is NOT a projective test? A. Thematic Apperception Test B. Rorschach inkblot test C. MMPI D. sentence-completion test E. Draw-a-Person test

MMPI

Which of the following would be the BEST way to measure someone's personality? A. Thematic Apperception Test B. Rorschach inkblot test C. MMPI D. psychophysiological tests E. neurological tests

MMPI

Aaron yells at their roommate about being overly messy; Aaron, however, is even messier. Aaron is MOST likely exhibiting which of the following defense mechanisms? A. displacement B. rationalization C. projection D. denial E. reaction formation

Projection

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? A. Women are diagnosed with this disorder at three times the rate of men. B. Rates of GAD are higher among Blacks and Hispanics as compared to non-Hispanic Whites. C. Lifetime prevalence of GAD is approximately 11 percent. D. Rates of GAD are higher among tow-SES populations compared to high-SES groups.

Rates of GAD are higher among tow-SES populations compared to high-SES groups.

Depression has been linked to an activity of neurotransmitters called _____ and ________ A) Dopamine and Glycine B) Serotonin and Norepinephrine C) Norepinephrine and Glutamate D) Aspartate and Histamine

Serotonin and Norepinephrine

ECT is used to treat ________ when antibiotics and other drug therapies won't work.

Severe depression

A client in the middle of therapy acts rational and then suddenly becomes childlike and spoiled, this is an example of: A) derealization B) Split personality C) Bipolar D) Switching

Switching

The space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another is known as the: A. synapse. B. soma. C. receptor. D. basil ganglia.

Synapse

An assessment tool shows high _____________ if it yields the same results each time

Test-retest reliability

Which of the following best describes the results of studies examining the effectiveness of psychotherapy? A. Psychotherapy hurts as many people as it helps. B. Psychotherapy is no more effective than no therapy or placebo therapy. C. The average psychotherapy clieht shows more improvement than most people who don't receive therapy. D. Ninety percent of all psychotherapy clients benefit from therapy.

The average psychotherapy clieht shows more improvement than most people who don't receive therapy.

_____________measures accuracy, whereas _____________measures consistency. A) Validity; reliability B) Reliability; validity

Validity; reliability

Sociocultural model

a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures includes: family-social perspective and multicultural perspective

Models and paradigms are used to treat what? A) Depression B) Bipolar disorders C) Abnormality D) Social-Anxiety Disorders

abnormality

Lia's therapist is helping Lia realize that her negative thoughts are just thoughts. The therapist encourages Lia to stop judging these thoughts and just accept them. This approach is known as: A. acceptance and commitment therapy. B. dialectical behavior therapy C. self-acceptance therapy. D. mindfulness meditation.

acceptance and commitment therapy

_______ occurs within 4 weeks of a traumatic event and last for less than 1 month

acute symptoms

forms of association

age-based/gender-based institutional groups work groups/cooperatives status groups (achieved, ascribed) voluntary & involuntary

The DSM-5 specifies four symptom clusters that define PTSD. Which of the following is NOT one of those clusters? A. reexperiencing B. avoidance C. hyperarousal D. All of these are characteristic of PTSD

all of these characteristics of PTSD

Which of the following cognitive theories do you think best explains generalized anxiety disorder? A. metacognitive theory B. intolerance of uncertainty theory C. avoidance theory

avoidance theory in my opinion because....

Which of the following structures has NOT been implicated in the brain's stress circuit, which plays a role in the development of PTSD? A. amygdala B. basal ganglia C. hippocampus D. prefrontal cortex E. anterior cingulate cortex

basal ganglia

Which model has the strongest research support? A. family-social B. multicultural C. humanistic D. cognitive-behavioral E. All of these have equally strong research support.

cognitive- behavioral

___________ are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to.

compulsions

Venera has developed a new measure of depression. She finds that scores on this measure are correlated with another established test of depression. This indicates that Venera's test has: A. construct validity. B. concurrent validity. C. test-retest reliability. D. predictive validity. E. internal reliability

concurrent validity

Which of the following is a stress hormone released by the adrenal gland? A. oxytocin B. prolactin C. dopamine D. cortisol

cortisol

Paulo is upset with his partner, but rather than confronting his partner, Paulo punches a pillow. Which defense mechanism is Paulo emptoying? A. rationalization B. displacement C. projection D. denial E. reaction formation

displacement

Dee disappeared from home 3 months ago. They were discovered living in another state, claiming to have a different name and with no memory of their previous life or family. Yoú suspect that Dee is experiencing: A. dissociative identity disorder. B. dissociative fugue. C. dissociative amnesia. D. depersonalization-derealization disorder. E. PTSD

dissociative fugue

Therapies that have received clear research support are called:

evidence-based

During therapy, a patient is asked to describe any thought, image, or feeling that comes to mind. What technique is the therapist using? A. working through B. free association C. catharsis D. resistance

free association

The final merging of two or more subpersonalities is known as: A. hypnotherapy. B. dissociative fugue. C. fusion. D. psychological debriefing.

fusion

Mya is bothered by many different concerns. She worries about her job, her friendships, her safety, and her future. This worrying is causing her significant distress and interfering with her daily life. Mya's most likely diagnosis would be: A. panic disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. agoraphobia. E. social anxiety disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder

Which type of therapy uses role playing and self-discovery exercises? A. gestalt therapy B. existential therapy C. psychodynamic therapy D. cognitive-behavioral therapy

gestalt therapy

The idea that individuals who have experienced similar developmental histories can have different clinical outcomes is known as: A. idiopathic understanding. B. developmental psychopathology. C. equifinality. D. multifinality.

multi finality

They say that a broker clock is right two times a day. As a measurement tool, this broken clock is: A. both reliable and valid. B. neither reliable nor valid. C. reliable but not valid. D. valid but not reliable.

neither reliable nor valid

Heather is deathly afraid of being eaten by crocodiles, won't watch movies or TV shows with crocodiles in them, never visits the zoo, and is very happy to be living in North Dakota, far from any crocodiles. Would this qualify Heather as having a phobia? A. yes B. no

no (the fear doesn't interfere with daily functioning)

Antidepressant drugs are effective in treating panic attacks, this disorder relates to levels of the neurotransmitters called:

norepinephrine

_______ persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses invade the persons brain is an example of an:

obsession

Which of the following disorders occurs equally among men and women? A. social anxiety disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. agoraphobia D. generalized anxiety disorder E. panic disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

open spaces or crowds

Learning based on behavioral consequences is known as: A. classical conditioning. B. modeling. C. operant conditioning. D. observational learning.

operant conditioning

Yesterday while waiting for the bus, Jay was overwhelmed with a sense of dread. His heart was racing, he had difficulty breathing, and he felt like he was going to die. This has been happening more frequently, and you suspect Jay has: A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. agoraphobia. C. panic disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

panic disorder

Which of the following is responsible for returning the heartbeat back to normal after a stressful event? A. sympathetic nervous system B. parasympathetic nervous system C. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway D. endocrine system

parasympathetic nervous system

Defense mechanisms (REPRESSION)

person avoids anxiety by simply not allowing painful or dangerous thoughts to become conscious. EX: an executive wanting to attack his boss and colleagues in a board meeting is denied access to his awareness

Defense mechanisms (DISPLACEMENT)

person displaces hostility away from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute. EX: after a parking spot is taken by a person who cuts in front of your car, you release your pent up anger by starting an argument with your roommate later.

Defense mechanisms (INTELLECTUALIZATION)

person repressed emotional reactions in favor of overly logical responses to a problem. EX: a woman who has been beaten and raped gives a detached, methodical, description of the effects that such attacks may have on victims.

Defense mechanisms (REGRESSION)

person retreats from an upsetting conflict to an early developmental stage in which no one is expected to behave naturally or responsibly. EX: a boy who can't cope with the anger he feels towards his rejecting mother regresses to infantile behavior, spiking his clothes and no longer taking care of his basic needs.

When a therapist makes a client answer a variety test of questions with True/ False/ or cannot say is called a: A) IQ B) Personality Test C) Psychoanalysis D) Psychodynamic Therapy

personality test

When people are confronted with stressors, the hypothalamus signals the _________ gland to release the adrenocorticoid.

pituitary

_________ may begin shortly after event or up to years afterwards.

post traumatic symptoms

Resistance, transference, and dreams are aspects of which type of model? A. cognitive-behavioral B. psychodynamic C. humanistic-existential D. sociocultural

psychodynamic

Which of the following treatment interventions have NOT been found to be effective and may actually increase symptoms of PTSD? A. psychological first aid B. antidepressant drugs C. group therapy D. psychological debriefing E. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

psychological debriefing

Being scared to speak in front of others or being judged by others is a diagnosis called:

social anxiety disorder

Which of these is NOT a type of exposure treatment? A. systematic desensitization B. flooding C. social skills training D. modeling

social skills training

Someone interested in how social change, poverty, and race affect risk for generalized anxiety disorders supports a perspective called:

sociocultural perspective

Two components of stress: A) panic and fear B) depression and anxiety C) stressor and stress response

stressor and stress response

The _______ is concerned with doing what's morally right.

superego

Which of these is characteristic of PTSD but NOT of acute stress disorder? A. increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt B. reexperience of the traumatic event C. avoidance D. symptoms persisting longer than a month

symptoms persisting longer than a month

A cluster of symptoms that typically occur together are referred to as a: A. diagnosis. B. syndrome. C. disorder. D. complex.

syndrome

As part of his treatment for social anxiety, Amir constructs a list of situations that range from not that scary to very scary. Amir's therapist will help him learn to stay relaxed in these different situations, an approach known as: A. systematic desensitization. B. flooding. C. social skills training. D. modeling.

systematic desensitization

Tracey is given the MMPl three times, and the results are the same each time. This assessment has high: A. interrater reliability. B. test-retest reliability. C. face validity. D. predictive validity. E. concurrent validity.

test-retest reliability

When using observational data in an assessment process, reactivity refers to: A. the observer's judgements being impacts by preexisting information. B. the client's behavior occurring in some situations but not others. C. the decline in an observer's accuracy over time as their standards shift. D. the client's behavior changing because they are being observed.

the client's behavior changing because they are being observed.

Which perspective has, a focus on changing maladaptive assumptions in treating generalized anxiety disorders? A. the cognitive-behavioral perspective B. the psychodynamic perspective C. the humanistic perspective D. the biological perspective

the cognitive- behavioral perspective

free association (psychoanalysis)

the patient speaks freely about memories, dreams, feelings

When a therapists makes his patient view between black and white ink boots and lets the patient explain what he/ she sees in the pictures is an example of: A) thematic apperception test B) Psychoanalysis C) Biological Model

thematic apperception test

___________is a disorder in which people pull out hair from their body (e.g., scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes). A. Excoriation disorder B. Body dysmorphic disorder C. Trichotillomania D. None of these

trichotillomania

Symptoms of a panic attack

trouble breathing, heart racing, fear, sweating

C.J. was asked to memorize a list of words. They were in a good mood when they learned this word list. Based on the principles in cognitive-behavioral theory, under what conditions is C.J. MOST likely to recall that list of words? A. when he is in a good mood B. when he is in a bad mood C. when he is hypnotized D. C.J. will remember the same humber of words regardless

when he is in a good mood