psych 230- chapter 10

Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment? Bowlby Freud Piaget Erikson Kagan

Bowlby Freud Erikson

Emotion regulation is key to which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Attachment Emotional adaptiveness Coping with stress Social competence

Emotional adaptiveness Coping with stress Social competence

Which of the following are criticisms of attachment theory? Some cultures value attachments to several caregivers for a child. It ignores the diversity of socializing agents in an infant's world. It is critical that an infant has attachment to one single caregiver only. Some cultures value early childhood independence.

Some cultures value attachments to several caregivers for a child. It ignores the diversity of socializing agents in an infant's world. Some cultures value early childhood independence.

The ability to develop skills contextually and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional: adaptability. competence. empathy. strategies.

competence

If passion, intimacy, and commitment are all strong, the result is ______, which is the fullest type of love. infatuated fatuous consummate affectionate

consummate

A feeling or affect that occurs when individuals are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being, is called: intuition. emotion. personality. desire.

emotion

Older adults are motivated to spend more time pursuing ______ satisfaction. emotional intellectual financial religious

emotional

Which of the following are self-conscious emotions? empathy joy pride surprise interest

empathy pride

True or false: Temperament remains stable throughout an individual's development. True False

false

If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, such as when one person worships another from a distance, which of the following is present according to Sternberg? infatuation fatuous love consummate love affectionate love

fatuous love

Sternberg identified three main components of love. What are they? passion commitment intimacy attached friendship

passion commitment intimacy

One way to describe temperament is in terms of predispositions toward which two of the following? Self-esteem Reactivity Self-regulation Selectivity Assertiveness

reactivity self-regulation

Emotion ______ plays a key role for young children when managing the demands and conflicts that arise when interacting with others. dismissing coaching language regulation

regulation

Which theory states that older adults narrow their social networks? Socioemotional selectivity theory Social reduction theory Socioemotional withdrawal theory Attachment theory

socioemotional withdrawal theory

______ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding. Personality Mood Emotional behavior Temperament

temperament

True or false: In development, biological, cognitive, and social processes are intricately intertwined.

true

Which of the following characterize relationships of securely attached adults? trust Possessiveness commitment jealousy longevity

trust commitment longevity

Bowlby argued that infants develop an internal ___ ___ of attachment

working model

Self-conscious emotions develop around the age of: 10 to 12 months. 2 1/2 years. 3 1/2 years. 18 to 24 months.

18 to 24 months.

In part because of positive social interchanges with caregivers, infants begin to respond differently to people than they do to objects by ______ of age. 4-6 months 2-3 months 10-12 months 8-10 months

2-3 months

What percentage of adults describe themselves as securely attached? 30 to 45 percent 50 to 60 percent 5 to 25 percent 60 to 80 percent

60 to 80 percent

The frequency of face-to-face play becomes less common after about the age of: 5 months. 9 months. 11 months. 7 months.

7 months

Which of the following statements are true based on Harlow's conclusions from studying infant monkeys? (Select all that apply) Contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process. Providing nourishment is the most important factor in the attachment process. The first stage of infant development is the trust-versus-mistrust stage. Feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process.

Contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process. Feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process

Which of the following are true about the differences between fathers and mothers in their interactions with infants? (Select all that apply) Fathers' interactions are more likely to include play. Fathers engage in play with their children more often than mothers. Mother's interactions tend to center on child-care activities. Fathers engage in more rough-and-tumble play than mothers.

Fathers' interactions are more likely to include play. Mother's interactions tend to center on child-care activities. Fathers engage in more rough-and-tumble play than mothers.

According to research, which of the following physiological characteristics have been linked with an inhibited temperament? (Select all that apply) Fluctuating blood pressure High level of cortisol Low activity in the temporal lobe High and stable heart rate High activity in the frontal lobe

High level of cortisol High and stable heart rate High activity in the frontal lobe

Which of the following statements apply to Bowlby's concept of attachment? (Select all that apply) There are five phases of attachment. Infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments. Attachment is important for survival. Attachment is the first phase of development in the infant's life, the trust versus mistrust phase.

Infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments. Attachment is important for survival.

What happens in the still-face paradigm? Infants show more withdrawal and negative emotions when caregivers are still and unresponsive. Infants begin to mimic all of the facial expressions of their caregivers during face-to-face play. Infants are slow to warm up to their caregivers and remain still and unresponsive despite engaging in face-to-face interaction. Infants make it their goal to make their still and unresponsive caregivers laugh or smile.

Infants show more withdrawal and negative emotions when caregivers are still and unresponsive.

Which of the following are true about the developmental cascade model? (Select all that apply) It can include connections between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes. It focuses solely on the the biological underpinnings of attachment. It has been completely debunked by research. It can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture. It can produce positive or negative outcomes at different points in development.

It can include connections between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes. It can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture. It can produce positive or negative outcomes at different points in development.

Which of the following are characteristic of an infant's pain cry? (Select all that apply) Rhythmic pattern Shouting sound Lack of preliminary moaning An inspiratory whistle Breath holding

Lack of preliminary moaning Breath holding

Infants' social sophistication and insight are reflected by which of the following? Motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions. Perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated. Increase in emotional understanding and communication. Shedding of the need for attachment.

Motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions. Perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated. Increase in emotional understanding and communication.

The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Nervous system development Infant social sophistication Face-to-face play Environmental support for the skill Infant motivation to reach a goal

Nervous system development Environmental support for the skill Infant motivation to reach a goal

According to a recent survey, there are an estimated 2 million stay-at-home fathers in the United States. Which of following did stay-at-home fathers report experiencing? (Select all that apply) They missed their daily life in the workplace. They were ignored when they took their children to playgrounds. They were ostracized by their wives. They were excluded from parent groups.

They missed their daily life in the workplace. They were ignored when they took their children to playgrounds. They were excluded from parent groups.

Which type of love occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has deep, caring feelings for the person? Romantic Passionate Consummate Affectionate

affectionate

Sternberg's triangle of love consists of passion, intimacy, and commitment. Various combinations of these result in which of the following types of love? affectionate love consummate love sexual love fatuous love

affectionate love consummate love fatuous love

Developmental social neuroscience involves the brain regions, hormones, and neurotransmitters that are important in motivating mother-infant _____________ .

attachment

Adults with a(n) ______ attachment style are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships. insecure anxious avoidant secure

avoidant

Caregivers of ______ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting. disorganized avoidant resistant organized

avoidant

A(n) ______ cry is a rhythmic pattern that usually consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry. basic pain anger emotional

basic

Which of the following ideas are stressed by John Bowlby in his concept of attachment? (Choose every correct answer.) Attachment emerges suddenly. Caregiver responsiveness is important. Attachment is crucial in the first year. Most children are not biologically prepared to elicit attachment behavior.

caregiver responsiveness is important attachment is crucial in the first year

The developmental _________ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

cascade

Affectionate love is also called ______ love and occurs when someone desires to have the other person near. consummate romantic passionate companionate

companionate

Which term refers to a child's ability to connect his or her own intentions with a peer's intentions and use this understanding to interact with the peer to reach a goal?. cooperation attachment locomotion social referencing

cooperation

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation? cooperation locomotion goal-directed behaviors self-regulation

cooperation locomotion goal-directed behaviors

Which two of the following has developmental social neuroscience linked to mother-infant attachment? testosterone cortisol estrogen dopamine oxytocin

dopamine oxytocin

Positive caregiving beginning with infancy is an important factor in later development. Which of the following are experiences that lead to positive developmental adjustments? early secure caregiver attachment positive maternal care constructive experiences with life stresses exclusive maternal care in infancy

early secure caregiver attachment positive maternal care constructive experiences with life stresses

Which of the following are important ways that infants in their first year of life begin to understand that other people have intentions?executive attention gaze following implicit memory elaboration joint attention

gaze following joint attention

The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term: parenting challenge. lack of fit. adjustment parenting. goodness of fit.

goodness of fit

What emotion would an infant younger than 6 months likely NOT to experience? Guilt Joy Disgust Fear

guilt

Bowlby's internal working model of attachment eventually: influences the child's subsequent responses to other people. deteriorates after the age of 24 months. develops into seven more developmental stages that occur over the life span.

influences the child's subsequent responses to other people.

Being skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotions effectively is a description of emotional: intelligence. regulation. cognition. imagination.

intelligence

What is one of the main criticisms of the Strange Situation? It is outdated. The research may have been poorly designed. Psychoanalysis is inappropriate for infants. It may be culturally biased.

it may be culturally biased

Which of the following is a criticism of attachment theory? It ignores the different styles and personalities of infants. It relies too much on genetic characteristics and temperament. It focuses too much on cultural determinants. It overemphasizes the attachment bond and ignores infant resiliency.

it overemphasizes the attachment bond and ignores infant resiliency

According to a recent longitudinal study, which of the following predicted secure attachment in adolescence and emerging adulthood? The ability to handle conflict Higher levels of executive function Absence of child care from anyone other than a parent Maternal sensitivity in childhood and adolescence

maternal sensitivity in childhood and adolescence

As children progress from the __________ (early/middle/late) through the ___________ (early/middle/late) childhood years, they come to recognize emotions, are able to identify and explain them, are increasingly concerned with self-regulating them, and appreciate that they can be ambiguous.

middle late

Mikulincer and Shaver (2019) have identified which of the following benefits for securely attached individuals? mindful of what is happening around them well-integrated sense of self-acceptance ability to control their emotions false sense of security

mindful of what is happening around them well-integrated sense of self-acceptance ability to control their emotions

According to twin studies, heredity has a ______ influence on differences in temperament within a group of people. moderate total large minuscule

moderate

Researchers are discovering that infants are (more/less) socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than was previously envisioned.

more

As compared to the parents, adolescents are more likely to experience: stability in emotions. less extreme but more fleeting emotions. more extreme but less fleeting emotions. more extreme and more fleeting emotions.

more extreme and more fleeting emotions

Which of the following regions of the brain is likely the LEAST related to mother-infant attachment? occipital lobe amygdala hypothalamus prefrontal cortex

occipital lobe

Social ______ occurs when one can understand the emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a given situation. Sophistication Cooperation Insight Referencing

referencing

Caregivers of ______ babies tend to be inconsistent when responding to their babies. avoidant resistant securely attached disorganized

resistant

What type of love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation? companionate romantic affectionate marital

romantic

Which of the following refers to an infant's ability to "read" the emotions of other people? joint attention social referencing reflexive attachment socioemotional selectivity

social referencing

Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates the slow-to-warm up child. the concept of goodness of fit. self-soothing. the notion of swaddling.

the concept of goodness of fit

What is the general research conclusion regarding the Strange Situation? This concept is accepted without reservation. The experiment conclusively shows attachment. The experiment does not have merit. The experiment continues to have some merit.

the experiment continues to have some merit