Psych 2530 - Chapter 2 (Self-Test)

If you visit a new friend's bedroom, which of the following personality traits will you be most likely to judge accurately? A) Openness B) Neuroticism C) Agreeableness D) Extraversion

A) Openness

Which of the following is/are mostly likely a facet of extraversion? A) Positive emotions B) Anxiety C) Sadness D) Guilt

A) Positive emotions

Which of the following is/are mostly likely a facet of extraversion? A) Positive emotions B) Anxiety C) Sadness D) Guilt

A) Positive emotions

Allport identified three kinds of traits. Which of the following is NOT one of those kinds? A) Primary B) Central C) Secondary D) Cardinal

A) Primary

You are seeing a client in your psychology practice that is very tough-minded and harsh in his views of other people. Using a test of Eysenck's Factors, you would expect your client to score high on the _______________ scale. A) Psychoticism B) Extraversion C) Neuroticism D) Psychopathy

A) Psychoticism

All of the following are one of the Big Five EXCEPT A) Psychoticism. B) Openness. C) Agreeableness. D) Conscientiousness.

A) Psychoticism.

When doing factor analysis, which factor generally accounts for the greatest amount of the variation in the data? A) The first factor B) The last factor C) The cardinal factor D) The dominant factor

A) The first factor

In Eysenck's model, all of the following are associated with Psychoticism EXCEPT A) acute empathy. B) egocentricism. C) impulsivity. D) aggression.

A) acute empathy.

If we think of Neuroticism as a superfactor, then all of the following could be facets of neuroticism EXCEPT A) cruelty. B) anxiety. C) hostility. D) depression.

A) cruelty.

If we think of Neuroticism as a superfactor, then all of the following could be facets of neuroticism EXCEPT A) cruelty. B) anxiety. C) hostility. D) depression.

A) cruelty.

Using statistics to see how various personality variables and terms cluster together is known as A) factor analysis. B) analysis of variance. C) statistical analysis. D) measurement analysis.

A) factor analysis.

Because traits cannot be directly measured, as weight can be for example, researchers think of traits as ______________ concepts. A) hypothetical B) illusory C) statistical D) experimental

A) hypothetical

The textbook suggests that the smallest number of factors that can account for human personality is A) one. B) three. C) five. D) sixteen.

A) one.

Gosling, Ko, Mannarelli, and Morris reasoned that when people live in an environment they leave behind behavioural Question 14 options: A) residue. B) hints. C) evidence. D) fingerprints.

A) residue.

______________ used factor analysis to discover 16 personality factors. A) Freud B) Allport C) Costa D) Cattell

D) Cattell

An individual who has quality interpersonal relations is likely high in the ______________factor. A) Openness B) Neuroticism C) Extraversion D) Agreeableness

D) Agreeableness

An early example of the idiographic method was Allport's analysis of a series of letters between a woman to which he gave the pseudonym A) Jenny. B) H.M. C) Dora. D) Gretel.

A) Jenny.

Today the factors of the five-factor model are measured using the revised version of the A) NEO Personality Inventory. B) California Personality Inventory. C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. D) Thematic Factor Test.

A) NEO Personality Inventory.

Carl worries a great deal about how other people think about him. He will likely score high on the _____________ scale of a Five-Factor Model. A) Neuroticism B) Openness C) Extraversion D) Conscientiousness

A) Neuroticism

Which of Eysenk's factors refers to negative emotionality? A) Neuroticism B) Psychoticism C) Extraversion D) Anxiety

A) Neuroticism

Dr. Anderson found that a sense of belonging is important for undergraduate students. She now conducts cross-cultural research and recruited groups of participants from Canada and from China to examine how this motivation is important across cultures. Which of the following approaches does she take? A) Nomothetic B) Ideographic C) Psychodynamic D) Universalist

A) Nomothetic

Your client Marco believes that most people will take advantage of him. Marco is likely low in the factor of A) Conscientiousness. B) Agreeableness. C) Extraversion. D) Paranoia.

B) Agreeableness.

In the consideration of just how many personality factors actually exist, Wiggins has suggested the Big Two of Extraversion and : A) Introversion. B) Anxiety. C) Psychoticism. D) Socialized.

B) Anxiety.

Each of the __________ factors describes personality at a high level of abstraction summarizing a large number of more distinct lower level traits. A) Cardinal Ten B) Big Five C) Primary Eight D) Distinct Seven

B) Big Five

An alternative to the five-factor model is a six-factor model known as the ___________ model. A) Five + One B) HEXACO C) Three x Two D) Ashton-Lee

B) HEXACO

Amy has low self-esteem and is sensitive to negative information. She notices signs of rejection even when her boyfriend assures her that he loves her. She tends to experience negative emotions and worries about her relationship. Which of the following personality traits does she have? A) Low in Extraversion B) High in Neuroticism C) High in Psychoticism D) Low in Agreeableness

B) High in Neuroticism

All of the following are factors in the six-factor model EXCEPT A) Honesty-Humility. B) Introversion. C) Agreeableness. D) Openness to Experience.

B) Introversion.

If, in researching personality, you were to study the number of synonyms that are used to describe personality in that language, you would be employing what type of approach? A) Nomothetic B) Lexical C) Psychodynamic D) Linguistic

B) Lexical

The textbook suggests at least three different ways to identify meaningful words used to describe personality. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Chapter 2? A) The theoretical approach B) The observational approach C) The lexical approach D) The measurement approach

B) The observational approach

__________ describe(s) a person's typical style of thinking, feeling, and acting in different kinds of situations and at different times. A) Personality B) Traits C) Ego D) Habits

B) Traits

__________ describe(s) a person's typical style of thinking, feeling, and acting in different kinds of situations and at different times. A) Personality B) Traits C) Ego D) Habits

B) Traits

we can say that we've identified ALL of the following EXCEPT A) a syndrome. B) an ideographic pattern. C) a personality type. D) an observed constellation of traits.

B) an ideographic pattern.

The Big Five theory describes personality without attempting to explain where these attributes come from, but the Five-Factor Model suggests that the five factors are _________ traits. A) learned B) biological C) programmed D) philosophical

B) biological

Allport suggested that the individual A) must be studied by science. B) cannot be studied by science. C) is a mystery that is beyond our understanding. D) is too changeable from situation to situation to be comprehended.

B) cannot be studied by science.

Individuals low in Eysenck's Neuroticism factor tend to be all of the following EXCEPT A) even-tempered. B) careful. C) unemotional. D) quick to recover from upsetting experiences

B) careful.

Research suggests that several widely used personality tests seem to contain _____ factors. A) two B) five C) eight D) ten

B) five

In adopting the position that human personality may be explained by one factor, researchers tend to call that factor the Question 12 options: A) one factor. B) general personality factor. C) dominant factor. D) alpha personality factor.

B) general personality factor.

As a personality researcher, your interest is to understand the personality of a single individual with all of the quirks or idiosyncrasies and characteristics that make that person unique. You would likely adopt the _________ approach for your research. A) nomothetic B) ideographic C) psychodynamic D) universalist

B) ideographic

Currently there are two basic methods for studying traits, the _________ approach and the ____________ approach. A) idiopathic; psychoanalytic B) ideographic; nomothetic C) Freudian; Rogerian D) scientific; philosophical

B) ideographic; nomothetic

You are planning to develop an alternate set of questions to test the concept of neuroticism in Eysenck's terms. Your set of questions will likely focus on A) intellectual rumination. B) negative emotions. C) fears. D) intelligence.

B) negative emotions

According to Musek, the General Personality Factor includes two factors the alpha (the emotional stability to get along with others) and the beta (______________). A) the general ability to understand the world B) the flexibility to deal with change, etc. C) the willingness to empathize with others D) the ability to discharge stress

B) the flexibility to deal with change, etc.

As conceptualized in the textbook, A) there is considerable psychological benefit to being high in the Openness factor. B) there is no particular psychological benefit to being high in the Openness factor. C) there is considerable psychological benefit to being high in the Extraversion factor. D) there is no effect on a the situation based on the value of any particular factor.

B) there is no particular psychological benefit to being high in the Openness factor.

Which of the following is most likely NOT a facet of extraversion? A) Activity B) Excitement-seeking C) Warmth D) Anxiety

D) Anxiety

Which of the following types of research provided support for Eysenck's model? A) An experiment with rats and pigeons B) Intra-cultural research within Canada C) An examination of a region of the brain D) The Human Genome Project

C) An examination of a region of the brain

All of the following are facets of ______________: competence, order, dutifulness, self-discipline. A) Mental Health B) Agreeableness C) Conscientiousness D) Extraversion

C) Conscientiousness

The psychologist who is said to have found a way of studying both the general (nomothetic) and specific (idiographic) aspects of human personality is A) Allport. B) Freud. C) Eysenck. D) Maslow.

C) Eysenck.

The first Western scientist to link temperaments with diseases and thus recognizing the relationship between physiology and personality was Question 15 options: A) Empedocles. B) Aristotle. C) Galen. D) Hippocrates.

C) Galen.

Eysenck suggested that the human personality is organized into a hierarchy that included all of the following levels of organization EXCEPT A) Type Level. B) Trait Level. C) Personal Level. D) Specific Response Level.

C) Personal Level.

The following question in Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire appears on the ___________ scale: Do you enjoy practical jokes that can sometimes really hurt people? A) Neuroticism B) Introversion C) Psychoticism D) Psychopathy

C) Psychoticism

______________ used factor analysis to discover 16 personality factors. A) Freud B) Allport C) Costa D) Cattell

D) Cattell

Kamra likes to be in a quiet environment, so she does not interact with others frequently. She has strong leadership skills, but these skills are only slightly revealed so that only a very close friend of hers might notice them. According to Allport, which of the following describes her leader personality trait that is seldom displayed? A) Ego dystonic trait B) Central trait C) Secondary trait D) Cardinal trait

C) Secondary trait

On the NEO-PI-R, the six subscales are called A) subscales. B) dimensions. C) facets. D) factors.

C) facets.

For the Eysencks (Hans and Sybil), a typical introvert is all of the following EXCEPT A) introspective. B) likes to read. C) fond of new things. D) forward planning.

C) fond of new things.

In the research on what can be learned about a person's personality from their living environment, all of the following were used as descriptions EXCEPT A) anxious and easily upset. B) critical and quarrelsome. C) gentle and compassionate. D) disorganized and careless.

C) gentle and compassionate.

In terms of the Big Five, the alpha level of the GPF model would include all of the following EXCEPT A) agreeableness. B) emotional stability. C) intelligence. D) consciousness

C) intelligence.

Eysenck identified ________ traits that were associated with each of his three superfactors. A) genetic B) broad C) narrow D) factor analytic

C) narrow

In debating the five-factor model, Eysenck suggested that _________ is more of a cognitive factor and should not be considered a dimension of personality. A) neuroticism B) agreeableness C) openness D) control

C) openness

The major difference between five-factor models and six-factor models is the inclusion of ________ as a factor. A) Mental Health B) Openness to Experience C) Extraversion D) Honesty-Humility

D) Honesty-Humility

Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's model? A) The model focuses on the nomothetic approach. B) The model dismisses biological predispositions. C) Traits are organized hierarchically. D) Important traits are missing.

D) Important traits are missing.

Developing questionnaires is most closely associated with which approach to the study of personality? A) Factor analysis B) Theoretical analysis C) Lexical analysis D) Measurement analysis

D) Measurement analysis

Developing questionnaires is most closely associated with which approach to the study of personality? A) Factor analysis B) Theoretical analysis C) Lexical analysis D) Measurement analysis

D) Measurement analysis

On which scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire does the following question appear? Does your mood often go up and down? A) Psychoticism B) Anxiety C) Extraversion D) Neuroticism

D) Neuroticism

The factor called Emotional Stability in the Big Five is called _______ in the Five-Factor Model. A) Extraversion B) Openness to Experience C) Ego Strength D) Neuroticism

D) Neuroticism

The factor called Emotional Stability in the Big Five is called _______ in the Five-Factor Model. A) Extraversion B) Openness to Experience C) Ego Strength D) Neuroticism

D) Neuroticism

Del Paulhus and colleagues at UBC took the measure of Machiavellianism and incorporated it into their concept of the "Dark Triad," a composite dark personality pattern including narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. This is an example of which of the following approaches? A) The observational approach B) The measurement approach C) The lexical approach D) The theoretical approach

D) The theoretical approach

For Eysenck, all of the following are associated with extraversion EXCEPT A) sociability. B) sensation seeking. C) social domination. D) anxiety.

D) anxiety.

Eysenck; McCrae, and others have theorized that for personality traits to be universal they must be rooted in A) theory. B) nomothetic theory. C) truth. D) biology.

D) biology.

Eysenck; McCrae, and others have theorized that for personality traits to be universal they must be rooted in A) theory. B) nomothetic theory. C) truth. D) biology.

D) biology.

Some psychologists view traits as simple summaries of behaviour, but others see them as much more, even as A) the essence of a person. B) ego syntonic. C) genetic motivations. D) causal properties.

D) causal properties.

All of the following are most likely associated with the factor of openness EXCEPT A) aesthetics. B) adventurousness. C) psychological liberalism. D) conventional thinking.

D) conventional thinking.

In the concept of Eysenck's pyramid, one would find idiosyncratic reactions A) in the trait level. B) nowhere C) higher in the pyramid. D) lower in the pyramid.

D) lower in the pyramid

In the concept of Eysenck's pyramid, one would find idiosyncratic reactions Question 13 options: A) in the trait level. B) nowhere. C) higher in the pyramid. D) lower in the pyramid.

D) lower in the pyramid.

Eysenck suggests that Catell's scales are A) essentially valid, but lack reliability. B) completely wrong. C) somewhat narrow, but essentially complete. D) missing key factors of personality.

D) missing key factors of personality.

Agreeing with the item I often feel tense and jittery on the NEO Personality Inventory is a strong indicator of A) control. B) anxiousness. C) extraversion. D) neuroticism.

D) neuroticism.

Instead of five factors, Hans Eysenck proposed A) four factors. B) sixteen mini-factors. C) eleven broad traits. D) three superfactors.

D) three superfactors