Psych 306 Exam #3 Practice Qs

Fourteen-year-old Aisha spends at least two hours per night talking to her best friend, Kylie, on the phone. They often go over the details of the day, what everyone at school said, wore, and so on. They also talk extensively about their dreams for the future and beliefs about the world, analyze each other's personalities, and so on. This seems reflective of:

Adolescent egocentrism

Who is MOST likely to be expressing identity diffusion?

Alberto, whose parents are teachers, but who refuses to go to college

Which person would probably be the MOST concerned with attractiveness?

Bethany, who is on her way to class

Concerning the life span, which statement is MOST accurate?

Both continuity and change characterize life from adolescence through late adulthood

Mark, a teenager, loves to drive his car at speeds above 70 mph. What best explains his need for thrill seeking?

his prefrontal cortex is not yet mature

As people age, their breathing becomes quicker and shallower, but the process of _____ keeps sufficient oxygen in the bloodstream despite a reduction of air expelled after a deep breath.

homeostasis

____ involves taking a general premise and using logical steps to figure out specifics.

Deductive reasoning

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)

Designed to measure students' ability to apply what they have learned; PISA is taken at age 15, when students are close to the end of their secondary school career; questions are supposed to be practical, measuring knowledge that might apply at home or on the job.

The question "Is it possible to train a cockroach?" reflects _____ thinking.

hypothetical

Recall the textbook's discussion of WEIRD cultures. Which statement is MOST accurate with respect to the cross-cultural generality of the life stage called emerging adulthood?

Emerging adulthood is seen around the world, but its length varies.

Which individual is the MOST likely to develop serious depression?

Helen, who is 16 years old

Andre is struggling with how to behave differently as an adolescent than he did as a child. To whom is he most likely to turn in order to navigate these changes?

His best friend

_____ involves propositions and possibilities that may or may not reflect reality.

Hypothetical thinking

Blake is learning which of his parents' values he believes in and which are not for him. This is a sign that Blake is approaching:

Identity achievement

With regard to drug use in the United States, which statement is accurate?

Illegal drug use peaks around age 20 partly due to the thrill of buying and using illegal drugs.

Which statement about thought and understanding is TRUE?

Instead of dual processing, adult thought is dialectical, which means that adults can consider and integrate opposite and conflicting ideas.

Which teen is MOST likely to be a life-course-persistent offender?

Jeff, who has low intelligence and suffered from severe malnutrition and abuse as a child

Who coined the term emerging adulthood?

Jeffrey Arnett

Which scenario is fairly common during adolescence?

Jose feels sad from time to time and thinks sometimes about killing himself.

Sixteen-year-old Kadisha is on the Internet every day. Which is TRUE based on the research on the Internet and sexual abuse?

Kadisha will avoid sexual predators online

If these individuals were typical, who would have the STRONGEST sexual-reproductive system?

Lexie, who is 23 years old

____ , a girl's first menstrual period, is a specific milestone occurring during this period.

Menarche

A recent study found that Chinese teenagers have lower reported self-esteem compared to earlier adolescent cohorts. What is one possible explanation for this trend?

Most Chinese youth do not have siblings or extended family and therefore lack social connection.

Which statement is TRUE about adolescent criminal activity?

Most adolescents have broken the law at least once before the age of 20

Bryn is taking an international exam aimed at assessing the type of thinking needed in adult life. She is MOST likely taking the _____ exam.

PISA

____ sex characteristics are physical traits that are directly involved in reproduction.

Primary

Julie is involved in many activities, including cheerleading, gymnastics, and a part-time job. Because of her stress, she started puberty early. Which is the BEST reason for this change?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Sophia is a 17-year-old girl. Which statement is TRUE about body fat for Sophia?

The average 17-year-old girl has twice the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy.

Based on the textbook's discussion, cultures that stress familism MOST likely do NOT include:

United States

Silas is having trouble even thinking about college or a career and seems to be very disorganized. What is he likely facing?

identity diffusion

According to Erikson, adolescents must resolve the psychosocial task of:

identity versus role confusion.

Bonnie loves to dress eccentrically, dyes her hair wild colors, and has a lot of facial piercings. She believes that everyone is looking at her when she goes out in public. Bonnie's example illustrates:

imaginary audience

Blood pressure ____ in adolescence, which helps increase physical endurance.

increases

Harla concludes that because a four-legged furry animal wags its tail when it is happy and likes to fetch sticks, it must be a dog. This is an example of:

inductive reasoning

Which drug category follows a different age trend and is used more by younger adolescents than the others?

inhalants

Which attempt to DECREASE teen drug use actually appears to INCREASE use?

a clean-cut young person advising viewers to think before they smoke

Today, many young adults view their job as:

a means of determining who they are and what they want to be.

"Gender identity" refers to:

a person's self-definition as male, female, or transgender.

Major religious shifts prior to adulthood are rare, but questioning one's faith during adolescence is common. Which action is more likely during adolescence than in adulthood?

a young female Muslim choosing not to wear her headscarf

Which of these is NOT one of the three signs that predict delinquency? a) lying b) bullying c) stubbornness d) shoplifting

a) lying

Emerging adulthood is distinguished by all of these events EXCEPT:

acquiring a first job

Fifteen-year-old Angelo, who lives in an urban housing project with a high level of violent crime, has developed a habit of smoking marijuana with his friends before school, skipping classes regularly, and tagging property with graffiti. Angelo is MOST likely a(n):

adolescence-limited offender

Jenny has a job, a cat named Joker, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right" partner. She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:

intimacy vs isolation

Eric listens to popular music because it makes him feel like dancing. This rationale demonstrates that Eric is making decisions using _____ thought.

intuitive

Girls often recognize their same-sex sexual orientation:

after their first sexual experience

The MOST frequently abused drug in North America is:

alcohol

Christian is 48 years old and extremely obese. Recently, his physician informed him that he has developed type 2 diabetes and will need to start giving himself insulin injections. Christian's development of diabetes is due to the physiological adjustment called:

allostasis

Melissa, 45, is obese and never exercises. One day she is late to work, and the elevator is down for maintenance. She tries to run up four flights of steps and has a heart attack. Her cardiac physician told her that her years of obesity and inactivity put increasing pressure on the _____ system. The "new" stress of running up the steps caused her heart attack.

allostatic

Raymond is interviewing people to fill an essential management position in his company. Ideally, Raymond would use _____ thought to make this important decision.

analytic and intuitive

Chelsea has been intentionally skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and she works out for two or more hours a day. Still she says she looks "too fat" in her prom dress and vows not to wear a swimming suit until she loses weight. Chelsea's behavior is consistent with that of the disorder called:

anorexia nervosa.

In the United States, the average age at first marriage was _____ for women and _____ for men.

answer is NOT 29 for women and 27 for men

Teens who sext are _____ more likely to engage in sexual intercourse without a condom.

answer is NOT 7 times more likely

Brandon has confessed to a crime that he did not actually commit. Which factor BEST explains his false confession?

answer is NOT protecting his family

Adolescents tend to select and facilitate friendships with those they share interests and traits with and as a result are more likely to resist social norms together. Therefore, teens who admire peers who are doing drugs are:

at risk of participating in deviancy training

A normal weight is characterized by a BMI:

between 20 and 25

Repeated nagging and petty arguments are generally referred to as:

bickering

Tom and his mother constantly argue about Tom's refusal to wear a clean shirt to school every day. They are:

bickering

The MOST recently recognized eating disorder is:

binge-eating disorder

As the concept of gender has _____, gender identity has become a ____ important arena of identity development for today's emerging adults.

broadened; more

Family closeness may be important in adolescent development, especially if:

children experience open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.

Which problem occurs with matchmaking online?

choice overload

Because emerging adults are aware of the tendency to exercise less when marriage, parenthood, and careers become more demanding, they:

choose friends and communities that support exercise.

The term _____ refers to when couples live together, then break up, and then get back together.

churning

In Canada, fewer adolescents smoke tobacco than in the United States partly because:

cigarette advertising is banned.

Another term for intimacy is:

communion

Sixteen-year-old Isaac's parents have a set curfew for him and clear boundaries for what they believe is appropriate behavior. In general, Isaac feels that his parents' rules are reasonable. This is reflective of which aspect of family closeness?

control

In many nations, parents arrange marriages between children. This is an example of:

culture influencing commitment and love

Seventeen-year-old David is gay and living in rural Montana. The Internet will MOST likely _____ his isolation.

decrease

In the United States, the proportion of younger adolescents who smoke cigarettes has:

decreased dramatically

Steele suspected that African American males become anxious in education settings due to stereotype threat, which _____ their ability to respond accurately to intellectual challenges.

decreases

According to the text, early adolescent sexual activity correlates with:

depression and drug abuse.

With respect to self-esteem, studies have found that emerging adults:

develop increased self-esteem over the college years

In Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, what is the positive outcome of the fifth stage (identity versus role confusion)?

development of awareness of a unique self

An adult who recognizes both that relationships continuously change and that he or she is also changed by the relationships is a _____ thinker.

dialectical

Quintan is a 22-year-old African American male college student. He knows that African American males are only half as likely to earn a college degree as African American females. He is struggling academically. He is likely to:

disengage academically

Moratorium is considered more mature than diffusion because:

during moratorium, emerging adults still have responsibilities.

Shane, a fifth-grader, drinks his parents' liquor when they are not home and yells at family members when he does not get his way. Shane's behavior is MOST likely due to his:

early maturation

As the bones lengthen and harden (visible on X-rays) and the growth spurt begins, children:

eat more and gain weight

Diego is a 22-year-old manager of a busy Starbucks. He has a two-year community college degree and is planning on going back to school to earn a B.A. in Business Administration. He is dating a woman who is in nursing school. In today's developmental terms, Diego is a(n):

emerging adult

Abstinence from drugs and substances is MOST common following:

emerging adulthood

Typically, people make the MOST friends during:

emerging adulthood

Peer pressure is defined as:

encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude

During Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who is confused about which of many possible roles to adopt is said to be:

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion

Greg, who is 4 years old, is MOST likely to respond to the balancing the scale task designed to test formal operational thought by:

failing to understand the task

Rates of obesity are _____ in childhood and _____ in adolescence

falling; climbing

Reggie has convinced himself that middle school is stupid and therefore not worth his time. His avoidance of any effort towards his schoolwork is MOST likely protecting Reggie from:

feeling like a fable

In the Opposing Perspectives feature, the textbook describes research in which Danish 20- to 30-year-olds were asked what signified adulthood. Of those under 25, _____ considered themselves adults.

few

A factor that leads to marriages getting better over time is:

financial security

The United States was the _____ major nation to begin massification of institutions of higher learning

first

Binge drinking is often defined as having five or more drinks in a row. By this definition, more than one in _____ adolescents has engaged in binge drinking during the past two weeks.

five

Grace is going to become a doctor because her parents are doctors and they've always told her she would be a great doctor. She has never considered whether this is what she wants; it is just what she thinks she should do. Erikson would describe Grace's identity status as:

foreclosure

Eighteen-year-old Gary is struggling. In the future, he would love to be a stay-at-home dad because he loves kids and desperately wants his own family. But he believes that this is not an option for him because he is a male. This belief reflects Gary's:

gender identity

Cynthia is 17 and works 30 hours per week at a clothing store in the mall. Compared with her peers who do not work, Cynthia is more likely to:

get poor grades

All of these actions are examples of moratoria EXCEPT:

getting married and starting a family

Melissa is MOST likely to feel pressure from her friends to:

go to a school dance

Approximately one-_____ of U.S. high school seniors have tried smoking.

half

When it comes to sexually transmitted infections worldwide, _____ cases occur in those younger than 26.

half of all new

The ability to come up with many solutions for a problem:

hallmark for postformal thought

Michele is an emerging adult, and if she is similar to her generational cohort, Michele:

has a stronger link with her parents than was true for previous generations

According to Erikson, establishing an identity can be especially difficult for those who:

have not successfully resolved their uncertainty and negativity about values, lifestyles, and friendships.

Recent studies have shown that increased Internet use has:

helped emerging adults maintain more face-to-face friendships.

Challenge this Question Ginny is 15 years old. Which question reflects her main psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

"Who am I?"

Jihal and Lucy, both 47 years old, and their son Jeremy, 21 years old, are all asked to identify their gender. Jihal says "male" and Lucy says "female" without hesitation. Based on the fluidity of gender in the current generation their son is more likely to answer:

"both" <-- this is dumb but whatever

Paloma, who is in the twelfth grade, must make a certain score on the SAT in order to get into the college she wishes to attend next fall. The SAT is considered a(n) _____ test.

high-stakes

Heavy alcohol drinking can impair memory and self-control as it damages what parts of the brain?

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Josias is going through a growth spurt. The FIRST observable evidence will likely be that:

his fingers and toes lengthen.

At which age would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its HIGHEST?

12

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.

1300; 500

According to the U.S. Center for Education Statistics approximately _____ percent of those from a low family SES will earn a bachelor's degree.

14

Which figure BEST approximates the percentage of high school girls, according to the U.S. Youth Risk Survey, who say they were sexually abused as children?

15%

Adolescent relationships are complicated. A recent U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey investigating reasons teenagers break up with a dating partner revealed that approximately _____ of girls and _____ of boys have broken up with a dating partner after being pressured to engage in unwanted sexual activity.

15%; 5%

Online dating services have increased in popularly with a 2018 survey revealing approximately _____ users per month on the Match.com dating site

16 million

The Monitoring the Future study found that in 2016 approximately _____ percent of high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes every day for the past month.

2

Overall, in the United States criminal justice system, approximately _____of confessions are later determined to be false and this is more common if the individual is younger than 20 years old.

20%

Which individual is engaging in a risky behavior that is beneficial?

22-year-old Wanda, who is going to the Arctic to film a documentary about polar bears

MOST recent surveys indicate that the average age of marriage for men in sub-Saharan Africa is _____ years old.

25

What percentage of all people in the United States believe that the primary purpose of sex is reproduction?

25%

During emerging adulthood, frequent unprotected sex is likely, on average, to result in pregnancy within:

3 months

A 2013 United States study found that 24 percent of women aged 18 to 25 had engaged in binge alcohol drinking in the past month and these women averaged _____ binge episodes per month.

4

Tasha is a senior in high school in the United States. She has never had sex. What percentage of high school seniors would Tasha represent, according to a 2016 study in the United States?

40%

The Monitoring the Future study found that in 2016 approximately _____ percent of high school seniors reported smoking marijuana every day.

6

According to the United States Center for Education Statistics, approximately _____ percent of college students whose parents identify as high SES earned a bachelor's degree.

60

Approximately what percentage of 15-year-old U.S. high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

60%

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the average U.S. worker holds an average of _____ jobs between the ages of 18 and 25.

7

If Kelley, 27, is typical of young adults today, she has had about how many jobs since she was 18?

7

According to a recent survey conducted by Hall and colleagues (2016) how many states mandate that sex education in the schools be medically accurate?

8

Erikson believes there are _____ stages of development.

8

Approximately what percentage of young adults in the United States rated their health as good, very good, or excellent?

96.4

____ is a period of active exploration, not a state of withdrawal.

Moratorium

Which teen is MOST likely to be an adolescence-limited offender?

Parker, whose brother is in jail and who has friends who break the law

Lucy and Andrew have just entered adolescence. Which statement is TRUE?

They will both likely experience a dip in self-esteem.

One symptom of anorexia nervosa as defined by the American Psychiatric Association is:

a body mass index of 18 or lower, or loss of more than 10 percent of weight within a month.

Reliable longitudinal research on the brain from childhood into adolescence showed:

a decrease in gray matter and an increase in white matter.

Risk taking is:

biological

Jack, who is 15, can expect to complete Erikson's fifth stage of identity versus role confusion:

during adulthood

Addiction that develops during emerging adulthood may not be noticed because:

family norms allow for independence and privacy during this stage.

Todd is 26 years old. Todd's cognition is probably more practical, more _____, more likely to coordinate intuitive and analytic thought than when Todd was an adolescent.

flexible

Approximately two-thirds of all adults and about _____ of all Hispanic Americans do not have a college degree.

four-fifths

According to Erikson's theory, the crisis that follows identity achievement is called:

intimacy vs isolation

Sex education in Europe:

is much more comprehensive than in the United States

A reason for the high dropout rate of today's college students is that they:

lack the finances needed to complete a college education

The MOST likely reason for cohabitating is to:

make sure they are compatible before marriage.

Which BEST explains why those under age 20 are more likely to volunteer for military service and have a desire to be sent into combat?

the invincibility fable

Adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for alcohol use because:

the regions of the brain that are connected to pleasure are more strongly affected by alcohol during adolescence than later in life

Seventeen-year-old Gina typically makes good decisions and stays out of trouble. Her parents were surprised one night to discover that Gina had sneaked out of the house, knowing that if she were caught she would be grounded and lose driving privileges and the use of her cell phone. When questioned about her decision to sneak out, Gina told her parents that her best friend was having a hard time, so Gina "had to" go talk to her at 3:00 A.M. Nothing else mattered, she told her parents. Gina seemed to have made her decision to sneak out based on _____ thinking.

intuitive

Darrin is a 28-year-old male. When he thinks about things, he is more likely to be practical, flexible, and able to coordinate _____ and _____ thought than he was three years ago.

intuitive; analytic

Anne Marie is menstruating, which depletes her body of _____.

iron

Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence:

is experienced by both sexes

During emerging adulthood, death from disease:

is rare

Moratorium is considered a mature response to fulfilling the need to explore possibilities in life because:

it allows postponement of forming an identity.

Kindell is 13 years old and in the middle of his adolescent growth spurt. He is undertaking an intense program of athletic and weight training at his school. To minimize Kindell's chance of injury, Kindell's coach designs a program based on Kindell's size (or estimated size):

last year

The fifth of Erik Erikson's eight stages of development (identity versus role confusion) begins in adolescence and, unlike in the past, is now completed:

later during adulthood.

Timor is a college freshman. If he is typical, he MOST likely has the goal of:

learning specific career skills to secure a good job.

Jenna has always had a short attention span and inadequate emotional regulation. She suffered from abuse early in her life and is of low intelligence. Now in high school, she has been caught shoplifting several times and was suspended from school for physically fighting with other students. Jenna is at risk of becoming a(n):

life-course-persistent offender

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _____, and a teen who has experiences with antisocial peers is at greater risk of becoming a(n) _____.

life-course-persistent offender; adolescence-limited offender

Fourteen-year-old John and Carlos decided to build a bike ramp that would propel them in the air over a small but deep ravine. This could have caused considerable physical injury had Carlos's father not caught them before they completed the act. In this case, John and Carlos's impulsive behavior is due to the _____, but Carlos's father's more reasoned response is due to the maturity of the _____.

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

Rosanna is 13 years old and is experiencing cyberbullying. According to the text, the imaginary audience can:

magnify her shame

Jenna has been ruminating about feeling rejected by a past boyfriend and feeling rejected by her friends because of the break-up. Her grades have dropped, and she locks herself in her room and sometimes refuses to go to school. Jenna has been demonstrating these symptoms for the past month. She may be diagnosed with:

major depression

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence is known to affect memory, language proficiency, and motivation?

marijuana

A mature response to identity crisis in emerging adulthood is:

moratorium

Postponing identity achievement while exploring possibilities is called:

moratorium

Tenisha's decision to join the army and see the world before she settles on her career illustrates the concept of:

moratorium

Changes in college majors today include:

more students choosing to major in business.

With some exceptions, adolescent boys use _____ drugs, and use them _____ often, than girls do.

more; more

Despite striving for independence and achievement, most emerging adults today continue to have "linked lives" with their parents by all of the following EXCEPT:

not being affected by the well-being of their parents

In 2016, AP classes were taken by about ____ of all high school graduates, compared to less than one-fifth (19 percent) in 2003

one-third ; 65% pass the exams

During puberty, the growth spurt proceeds in a fashion _____ to the proximodistal sequence.

opposite

Mason, 51, exercises, has a healthy diet, and is not overweight. His body and organs are losing capacity. Yet, because he has not had any major bodily stress, his body will function well throughout middle age. This reserve energy that hides the loss of body and organ capacity is called:

organ reserve

Rachel is 49 years old. During her yearly physical, she was told that her heart and lungs are losing capacity as a natural part of the aging process. Rachel replied that she did not notice any change and that she felt as she did when she was 25. Rachel's inability to notice any change in her breathing and heart can be attributed to:

organ reserve

Allostatic load is related to all of these medical conditions EXCEPT: hypertension osteoporosis diabetes obesity

osteoporosis

One night while home alone, 16-year-old Ruby ingested as many prescription and over-the-counter medications as she could find. Her parents found her unconscious and she was taken to the hospital where her stomach was pumped, and she survived the incident. What Ruby did is referred to as:

parasuicide

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of:

parental monitering

Sixteen-year-old Yung Sun has been dating Marcus for two months. She believes that no one has ever been in love as much as she is in love with Marcus. She is insulted whenever her parents tell her that her relationship probably won't last. Yung Sun's feelings are an example of:

personal fable

Erikson described four arenas of identity formation as being the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the:

political

Worldwide, emerging adults think about their identities in terms of all of the following EXCEPT:

political loyalties

Fifteen-year-old Deena has a warm, supportive relationship with her family and good relationships with her teachers, coaches, and church leaders. Based on this information, Deena probably has _____ relationships with her peers.

positive

Shawn, 24, is a typical emerging adult who has experienced many transitions, such as leaving home, moving to a new city, and finding a job. Research has shown that these experiences are likely to lead to:

positive changes in his personality.

Jen is open to ideas and multiple choices when problem solving. She has probably reached which stage of cognitive development?

postformal stage

A stage of cognitive development that enables one to combine contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole is called:

postformal thought

MOST emerging adults today are:

postponing marriage

Jasmine, a first-grader, is beginning to show visible signs of breast development. This is called:

precocious puberty

Margie is planning her daughter's 16th birthday party and trying not to cry, thinking how her daughter seems to be growing up too fast. She is using the part of her brain that is called the:

prefrontal cortex

The text notes that approximately 22 percent of European American males are arrested at least once before the age of 18 years old. The statistic of 22 percent is a(n):

prevalance

The pubertal growth spurt:

proceeds from the extremities to the core.

Friends are crucial during emerging adulthood because they:

provide understanding and comfort when a relationship ends

_____ is NOT a component of family closeness.

proximity

Growth during the adolescent growth spurt proceeds from the extremities to the core. This is the opposite of:

proximodistal growth

Chantrese, who is 16 years old, is aware that racism exists. She is MOST likely to believe that racism exists because:

racism is a society-wide problem

Edwin, who is European American, has no friends or acquaintances from a different ethnic group, nor has he made any effort to expand his friendships. Yet Edwin stresses the importance of making his workplace more diverse. By voicing his concern about workplace diversity, Edwin is demonstrating:

rational tolerance

The ultimate goal in resolving the crisis of identity achievement is to:

reconsider the goals and values set by one's parents and culture, accepting some and rejecting others.

Jessica is 16 years old and smokes marijuana every day. All of the following could be affected by her behavior EXCEPT:

reducing her anxiety.

A college education affects later health and satisfaction with life in middle adulthood:

regardless of background

Mishka is struggling with her identity and tends to have negative opinions about values, lifestyle, and friendships. Which pathology is she MOST likely to display based on Erikson's theory?

repudiation

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

result in earlier puberty

A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care about his or her identity is called:

role confusion

Abra is 17 and does not seem to know or care about her identity. She ignores school assignments, has not looked at colleges, and sleeps away the weekends. Erikson would say that she is in a state of:

role confusion

Andrea is preoccupied with thoughts about past failed relationships, academic failures, and presumed rejection by friends. Andrea is demonstrating:

rumination

Which factor may contribute to the academic decline seen in middle school?

scarce age-compatible opportunities for after-school activities

Barbara is a teenager and has noticed that her hips are growing wider, but not from overeating. What type of sex characteristic is this considered for Barbara?

secondary

Twenty-year-old Derek has had a series of unsuccessful romantic relationships. In each relationship, when his partner begins to ask about his past experiences, his feelings about aspects of the relationship, and his thoughts about himself, he begins a passive-aggressive withdrawal. According to Erikson, this is an example of _____ that will lead to _____.

self-protection; isolation

This means a gradual physical decline that occurs with age.

senescence

Robby, a 14-year-old, is depressed and is taking illegal drugs. One possible cause of this behavior may be:

sexual abuse

The direction of someone's erotic desires is referred to as:

sexual orientation

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because:

sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.

Subjective thought is particularly useful for solving problems involving:

social understanding

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as a growth _____.

spurt

Zeshaun is a 20-year-old African American male who believes that academic success is for females and whites. He feels that African American males are held back academically. He may be experiencing

stereotype threat.

By accounting for _____, the mature adult becomes a more objective and powerful thinker.

subjectivity and objectivity

Thinking about suicide is called _____, and a failed suicide is called _____.

suicide ideation; parasuicide

Isaac is struggling academically since he began middle school. He misses being in a single room and doesn't like going to different classrooms for every subject. Isaac is MOST likely suffering due to the lack of connection to his:

teachers

According to the study comparing adults to adolescents playing risk-taking video games for points:

teens took more risks, especially when with peers

As Charles was drying himself off after taking a shower, he noticed that his _____ had grown, which is the first visible sign of puberty in boys.

testes

In Erikson's view, the period of early adulthood is typically associated with:

the formation of a committed, intimate relationship.

Which is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance?

the heart doubles in size

In terms of drug use, generational forgetting refers to:

the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned about drugs

The teenagers' need to look and behave a certain way is MOST related to:

the imaginary audience

Fourteen-year-old Tajuana became very emotional when her parents rejected her request to go on a date with a high school senior. Her parents' attempts to discuss their reasons for not permitting the date were ignored and Tajuana refuses to discuss the issue. Tajuana's emotional response and refusal to listen and discuss the reasons for her parents' decision is due to:

the limbic system maturing before the prefrontal cortex

Michael, who is 12 years old, believes he is going to win the lottery because it is his destiny. Michael is experiencing:

the personal fable

Generally, men do not talk about _____ while women talk about _____.

their feelings; intimate and emotional matters

One reason for a decrease in adolescent crime may be that:

there are fewer high school dropouts

Researchers who followed a group of high school seniors until the age of 23 or 24 found that transitions generally increase well-being and that:

those who lived away from home showed the largest gains.

Although children might succeed on the balance-scale test of formal reasoning at around age 10, they are LESS likely to do so because of their reliance on:

trial and error

About _____ of adults in the United States do not have a college degree.

two-thirds

Taylor, who is European American, believes that she has no bias against African Americans. However, when Taylor's developmental psychology professor gives her class an assignment in which they must work with two other students to complete a project, she ignores two African American students who sit near her and asks two European American students who sit two rows away. When a friend of hers points this out, she is surprised by her behavior. Taylor's surprise is due to the lack of recognition of her:

unconscious prejudice

Few adolescents notice when they move from _____ (experimenting) to _____ (experiencing harm) to _____ (needing the drug to avoid feeling ill).

use; abuse; addiction

Erikson associated each stage with a particular _____ and a type of psychopathology.

virtue

Michelle is a guidance counselor at the local high school. On average, every year she has 367 students who come to her asking for advice on applying to college. However, this year she has had to spend a majority of her time helping students who require emotional support to prevent violence and drug abuse. Michelle may not be able to help her students achieve _____ identity.

vocational

The term postformal thought:

was originated by other psychologists who believed Piaget's fourth stage did not adequately describe adult thought.

Priorities are very different for adolescents and their parents. For instance, the author illustrated that when contemplating cancer treatment options for her 15-year old daughter she was focused on the most effective treatment and her daughter was more concerned about:

whether she would be able to keep her hair.

In today's society:

work, marriage, and parenting occur later than they used to.