psych 401 exam 2
Francis likes to wear high-heeled shoes when they are at work and when they go out with friends. However, when she attends a family barbeque, Francis wears flip flops, because their family tend to dress more casually and spend time outside together. Francis's behavior illustrates: - informational social influence. - normative social influence. - social cognition. - obedience.
normative social influence
Carl Rogers's emphasis on the tendency of human beings to strive to fulfill their potential and innate capabilities is MOST closely aligned with the work of: - Anna Freud. - Erik Erikson. - Abraham Maslow. - B.F. Skinner.
Abraham Maslow
The "feel good, do good" effect is illustrated by which of these examples? - K.W. felt guilty for being late for work, so she decided to make it up by staying later than her usual time. - Rachel's neighbor, who has been very nice to her in the past, recently came down with a stomach flu, so Rachel brought them chicken soup. - Ali was given a promotion at work, and later that day when the firefighter's association called them for a donation, they readily obliged. - Sergei was demoted at work, and to feel better about himself, decided to put money in the Salvation Army bucket on his way home.
Ali was given a promotion at work, and later that day when the firefighter's association called them for a donation, they readily obliged.
Raffi is shown a series of cards with ambiguous scenes and told to make up a story about each one, including descriptions of the characters' feelings and motives. Raffi tells a story about an introverted boy who is afraid he will never find a best friend, because Raffi himself is shy and fears loneliness. Raffi has been given the: - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). - Rorschach Inkblot Test. - California Psychological Inventory (CPI). - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
Your friend is telling you a story about how they almost rear-ended another driver the night before. Your friend said that they were looking around for their wallet when they suddenly realized the car in front had stopped. They say they "panicked" and slammed on the brakes. Moments later they could feel their heart racing and they were breathing very hard. Your friend's experience would MOST closely resonate with _____ view of emotion. - the facial feedback hypothesis - the James-Lange - the two-factor theory - Walter Cannon's
Walter Cannon's
If the James-Lange theory of emotion is correct, it would make sense that people with spinal cord injury should experience _____ in emotional intensity, since they would be unaware of physical changes. However, this is not the case, putting this theory into question. - no change - a decrease - an increase - a recovery
a decrease
Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer has suggested two effective techniques to help people translate goals into action: forming a goal intention and implementing: - a nonspecific plan. - a specific plan. - nonnegotiable plans. - old routines.
a specific plan
What percentage of participants in Stanley Milgram's original study on obedience obeyed the experimenter and administered the highest level of shock (450 volts)? - fewer than 1 percent - approximately 98 percent - about two-thirds (65 percent) - only about one-third (35 percent)
about two-thirds (65 percent)
The emotion-focused coping strategy called "distancing" occurs when a person: - cognitively appraises the stressful situation and then seeks out social support. - attempts to maximize the emotional impact of the stressful situation. - does not acknowledge the stressor and does not attempt in any way to deal with it. - acknowledges the stressor but attempts to minimize or eliminate its emotional impact.
acknowledges the stressor but attempts to minimize or eliminate its emotional impact
Which of these is NOT a stage in the general adaptation syndrome? - alarm - resistance - adaptation - exhaustion
adaption
Two of the catecholamine hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid physiological arousal are: - cortisol and epinephrine. - serotonin and dopamine. - adrenaline and noradrenaline. - dopamine and norepinephrine.
adrenaline and noradrenaline
A panic disorder that evolves into a destabilizing fear of suffering a panic attack in public is called: - major depression. - agoraphobia. - social anxiety disorder. - trypophobia.
agoraphobia
During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, intense arousal occurs as the body mobilizes internal physical resources to meet the demands of the stress-producing event. - alarm - resistance - exhaustion - adaptation
alarm
Researchers have found that people who have diverse social networks experience all of these EXCEPT: - greater resistance to upper respiratory infections. - lower incidence of stroke. - lower incidence of dementia and cognitive loss in old age. - an increased risk of developing a chronic disease.
an increased risk of developing a chronic disease
Which of these is NOT part of the five-factor model of personality? - anal retentiveness - extraversion - neuroticism - conscientiousness
anal retentiveness
Recently, Amit has lost so much weight that almost none of their clothes fit. When Amit goes to their doctor, they find out that Amit weighs well below the average weight for their height. Despite all this, Amit still sees themselves as someone who is morbidly obese. Amit is MOST likely a person with: - anorexia nervosa. - bulimia nervosa. - binge-eating disorder. - panic disorder.
anorexia nervosa
Two-year old Ellie believes that her stuffed animal is happiest when cuddling with her. Ellie's belief that her teddy bear has emotions similar to hers is an example of: - a microexpression. - interpersonal engagement. - anthropomorphism. - a display rule.
anthropomorphism
The main symptom of both posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is: - anxiety. - stress. - panic attacks. - compulsive hand washing.
anxiety
The use of prospective studies provides more compelling evidence of the relationship between personality and health because the subjects: - are already in poor health. - are initially in good health. - have a pessimistic explanatory style. - have an optimistic explanatory style.
are initially in good health
Measures of nonhuman animal personality are: - as reliable and valid as human personality measures. - difficult to create due to the wide variety of nonhuman animal species. - only used on nonhuman primates. - only reliable and valid when used on non-primate, nonhuman animals.
as reliable and valid as human personality measures
When Sanjeev went to Britain to attend one of its top universities, he became enthralled by all things English and decided that he wanted to live there permanently. He took up cricket, lawn bowling, and polo. Sanjeev also started introducing himself to people as Sandy rather than Sanjeev. Based on the information provided, Sanjeev has adopted a pattern of acculturation called _____ and has probably experienced a _____ degree of stress as a result of abandoning his old cultural identity. - integration; low - separation; high - assimilation; moderate - marginalization; high
assimilation; moderate
After having an argument with her boss at work, Nikola is harshly and unreasonably critical of her son for not completing his homework that evening. Nikola's overly harsh behavior toward her son is MOST likely an ego defense mechanism called: - identification. - repression. - rationalization. - displacement.
displacement
What is the ego defense mechanism that unconsciously shifts the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous? - sublimation - displacement - regression - reaction formation
displacement
During your phone conversation with a friend, she tells you about an experience she had with her supervisor at work. She says, "I was so angry, but I didn't let it show on my face." Your friend has abided by the social regulations governing emotional expression, which are called: - basic emotional rules. - interpersonal engagements. - anthropomorphisms. - display rules.
display rules
The dissociative disorder in which a person has either only a partial ability or a total inability to recall important personal information is called: - dissociative identity disorder. - dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue. - dissociative fugue. - dissociative amnesia.
dissociative amnesia
The _____ explanatory style accounts for negative events or situations with external, unstable, and specific explanations. - optimistic - problem-focused - pessimistic - emotion-focused
optimistic
An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are referred to their: - self-system. - ego. - personality. - id.
personality
Inflexible and maladaptive personality traits consistent across a broad range of situations characterize a(n) _____ disorder. - personality - anxiety - mood - eating
personality
Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion posited that emotion is the interaction of _____ and the _____ that people apply to explain the arousal. - physiological arousal; cognitive label - a cognitive label; psychological arousal - psychological arousal; physiological arousal - a cognitive label; emotional arousal
physiological arousal; cognitive label
The three distinct components involved in an emotion are a subjective experience, a: - physiological response, and a behavioral response. - physiological response, and a cognitive response. - cognitive response, and a behavioral response. - cognitive response, and a psychological response.
physiological response, and a behavioral response
_____ includes seeking comfort or reassurance in prayer or from a religious community, or believing that your personal experience is spiritually meaningful. - Positive religious coping - Positive reappraisal - Denial - Distancing
positive religious coping
Yui is leaving Japan to work and live in the United States and is very excited about the move. When she arrives and starts work, she is most likely to: - be much more relaxed than she was in Japan. - experience some amount of stress due to the acculturation process. - become physically and psychologically ill within weeks. - adapt to the new environment without experiencing any stress.
experience some amount of stress due to the acculturation process
It would be appropriate to conclude, based on the research on emotion, that men and women differ little in the _____ of emotions, but they do differ in the _____ of emotions. - expression; experience - experience; expression - experience; interpretation - expression; interpretation
experience; expression
All of these factors are drawbacks to projective tests EXCEPT that: - the examiner's behavior can influence a person's responses. - projective tests do not provide information that may be useful to a psychotherapist. - the scoring is subjective. - projective tests fail to produce consistent results.
projective tests do not provide information that may be useful to a psychotherapist
After overcoming the initial shock of having his house broken into and many of his personal possessions stolen, Fernando calls the police for help and starts thinking of ways to help catch the burglar and retrieve his belongings. At this point, Fernando is most likely in the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. - alarm - resistance - exhaustion - denial
resistance
_____ involves blaming one's failures on internal, personal factors and attributing one's successes to external, situational factors. - Self-serving bias - In-group bias - Self-effacing bias - The fundamental attribution error
self-effacing bias
Peony's effort to strengthen her sense of _____ in her work as a teacher has helped her decide to try to master some moderately challenging tasks, starting with tutoring. - self-actualization - self-efficacy - self-determination - self-esteem
self-efficacy
Rhea feels comfortable speaking in front of others, so when her biology lab team asks her to represent their findings to the class, Rhea quickly says "Yes." Her confidence in her ability to effectively present their findings to the class is what Bandura calls: - self-actualization. - self-efficacy. - self-determination. - self-esteem.
self-efficacy
_____ is a set of cognitive skills, abilities, and attitudes that guide how we perceive, evaluate, and control our behavior in different situations. - Self-efficacy - Self-concept - Self-esteem - Self-system
self-system
Your sense of who you are in relation to other people is called your: - sense of self. - social cognition. - person perception. - social influence.
sense of self
The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. - social cognitive - humanistic - trait - psychoanalytic
social cognitive
The concept of conformity is related to the concept of _____, which is the psychological study of how behavior is shaped by social environment and other people. - social influence - the out-group homogeneity effect - in-group bias - out-group bias
social influence
Petra notices that when there are empty seats on the bus, nobody ever sits beside a stranger. However, when the bus is crowded, people sit beside strangers all the time. She noticed that the same thing happens in movie theaters, the school cafeteria, and even the classroom. Petra's observations suggest that people's behavior in these situations is governed by: - stereotypes. - altruism. - social facilitation. - social norms.
social norms
Which perspective on personality emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals? - humanistic - social cognitive - trait - psychoanalytic
trait
Which of these is NOT an instance when you are likely to behave in accordance with your attitudes? - You anticipate a favorable response from others for behaving that way. - Your attitudes are extreme or are frequently expressed. - You are not very well informed about the subject at hand. - You have a personal stake in the outcome of the situation.
you are not very well informed about the subject at hand
On average, a person with bulimia nervosa will experience eating binges_____ per week. - 1 time - 2 times - 10 times - 20 times
2 times
Rhonda, who has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 22, has an identical twin sister, Rosa, who does not suffer from the disorder at this point. Rosa goes to her doctor, because she is concerned that she will also develop the disorder. The doctor tells Rosa that, because her twin has been diagnosed, she has roughly a _____ percent chance of developing schizophrenia. - 10 - 25 - 50 - 75
50
A self-report inventory known as the _____ is used to assess personality characteristics such as interpersonal effectiveness, self-control, independence, and empathy in normal populations. - Thematic Apperception Test - Rorschach Test - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - California Psychological Inventory
California Psychological Inventory
Who developed a theory of personality and a form of psychotherapy that focused on the inherent worth of people, the innate tendency of a person to strive toward their potential, and the importance of the self-concept in personality development? - Abraham Maslow - Carl Rogers - Sigmund Freud - Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
_____ developed a trait theory of personality that identified the three basic dimensions of personality as neuroticism/emotional stability, introversion/extraversion, and psychoticism. - Raymond Cattell - Abraham Maslow - Carl Rogers - Hans Eysenck
Hans Eysenck
The social cognitive perspective on personality can BEST be characterized in which of these ways? - People passively process information from their social experiences, which in turn influences their goals, expectations, beliefs, and behavior. - People actively process information from their social experiences, which in turn influences their goals, expectations, beliefs, and behavior. - People passively process information from their cognitive experiences, which in turn influences their goals, expectations, beliefs, and behavior. - People actively process information from their cognitive experiences, which in turn influences their goals, expectations, beliefs, and behavior.
People actively process information from their social experiences, which in turn influences their goals, expectations, beliefs, and behavior.
Who was best known for pioneering studies of conformity? - Philip Zimbardo - Stanley Milgram - Solomon Asch - Muzafer Sherif
Solomon Asch
_____ symptoms of major depressive disorder include tearfulness and avoidance of eye contact. - Physical - Behavioral - Cognitive - Emotional
behavioral
The mood disorder characterized by periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement is known as _____ disorder. - bipolar - major depression - manic - borderline personality
bipolar
Years of research on the subject of emotional arousal have revealed the presence of differing patterns of physiological arousal for different emotions. For example, anger produces greater increases in _____ and _____ than fear. - glucose; insulin - skin temperature; breathing rate - leptin; energy - blood pressure; skin temperature
blood pressure; skin temperature
The facial feedback hypothesis supports the idea that our _____ responses affect our _____ experience. - subjective; objective - subjective; bodily - bodily; subjective - bodily; objective
bodily; subjective
Even though Jordan is married to their longtime partner, Danny, they cannot stop themselves from thinking that Danny will leave them and that they feel empty and worthless. These feelings are generally characteristic of _____ personality disorder and are often the result of childhood disruptions in attachment. - dissociative - antisocial - borderline - schizotypal
borderline
Which of these can be said about the role of exercise and sleep on stress and on physical and psychological well-being? - Both exercise and getting an adequate amount of sleep cause fatigue and can interfere with functioning. - Both exercise and getting an adequate amount of sleep promote resistance to health problems and buffer stress. - Neither exercise nor getting an adequate amount of sleep has been shown to significantly reduce stress. - Only increasing the amount of sleep has been shown to counteract physical stress.
both exercise and getting an adequate amount of sleep promote resistance to health problems and buffer stress
Your roommate has been talking about the importance of weight loss and eating healthy. However, when you come home from class, you notice a lot of food wrappers hidden in the wastebasket in your dorm room. You also notice that your roommate has frequently been vomiting after you eat together in the cafeteria. Your roommate may be a person with: - anorexia nervosa. - binge-eating disorder. - bulimia nervosa. - bipolar disorder.
bulimia nervosa
Aurelia's partner, Jamie, often does not treat her well. Jamie often ignores Aurelia's requests and makes fun of her. When you ask her about it, Aurelia defends the relationship, saying "Jamie takes care of me and I don't want to be alone." Such excessive clinging behaviors and fear of separation MAY be indicative of _____ personality disorder. - avoidant - dependent - obsessive-compulsive - histrionic
dependent
After experiencing an intensely stressful experience, individuals may experience an increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the adrenal medulla, and the release of the hormone(s) called: - lymphocytes. - catecholamines. - testosterone. - corticosteroids.
catecholamines
The unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal that occurs in a person when there is an inconsistency between two thoughts or perceptions is called: - stereotypical thinking. - social cognition. - prejudicial thinking. - cognitive dissonance.
cognitive dissonance
_____ are mental frameworks about the traits and behaviors associated with different types of people. - Normative social influences - Social categorizations - Cognitive dissonances - Cognitive schemas
cognitive schemas
According to social psychologists, the three components of an attitude are: - cognitive, behavioral, and dissonant. - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. - cognitive, affective, and spiritual. - affective, behavioral, and prejudicial.
cognitive, affective, and behavioral
During her final year of medical school, Makayla was under constant pressure. She never seemed to get enough sleep, was anxious and nervous most of the time, and suffered many physical symptoms and disorders. Such prolonged physical and emotional stress may cause the release of stress-related hormones called: - lymphocytes. - catecholamines. - corticosteroids. - acetylcholine.
corticosteroids
Richard Lazarus developed the _____ Scale. - Daily Hassles - Social Readjustment Rating - Explanatory Style Rating - Personality Type
daily hassles
Kolby says that people are constantly talking about them. They also believe that everything that a prominent politician does is somehow related to them, and the politician is plotting against them. Kolby is exhibiting the range of _____ associated with schizophrenia. - hallucinations - negative symptoms - delusions - physical behaviors
delusions
A friend asks you to edit their 15-page term paper. Given your own workload, you tell them you're unable to do it. They then ask you if you could just read the introduction, which is only two-page long. You quickly agree to help them. Your friend may have used a persuasion strategy on you called the _____ technique. - door-in-the-face - social loafing - social facilitation - foot-in-the-door
door-in-the-face
The powerful social norm called the "rule of reciprocity" is the basis for the strategy known as the: - door-in-the-face technique. - foot-in-the-door technique. - social facilitation. - social loafing.
door-in-the-face technique
The _____ is the partly conscious, rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in touch with the demands of the external world. - id - ego - superego - subconscious
ego
Dr. Herrera has a very busy clinical practice. They go for a run alone in a local park each day to clear their mind of the problems they face and to reduce the level of stress they feel. Dr. Herrera is using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____. - emotion-focused; escape-avoidance - problem-focused; denial - emotion-focused; positive reappraisal - problem-focused; confrontive coping
emotion-focused; escape-avoidance
Gregor was very disappointed when he wasn't accepted into a graduate program. On reflection, however, he decided that the preparations he had made in putting his application together and the knowledge he gained from the interview were both very beneficial. Gregor is using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____. - problem-focused; confrontive coping - emotion-focused; positive reappraisal - problem-focused; planful problem solving - emotion-focused; escape-avoidance
emotion-focused; positive reappraisal
Charles Darwin was able to provide additional evidence for his evolutionary theory by pointing out the similarity of _____ among nonhuman animals and humans. - emotional expressions - cognitive thinking - intellectual reasoning - critical thinking
emotional expressions
_____ is the assumption that the world is fair and that therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. - The fundamental attribution error - The just-world hypothesis - Cognitive dissonance - Normative social influence
the just-world hypothesis
In an early investigation of the James-Lange theory, subjects were injected with epinephrine (adrenaline), after which they were asked how they felt. They reported: - not feeling afraid. - feeling very afraid. - experiencing no change. - feeling "as if" they were afraid.
feeling "as if" they were afraid
As Karen is preparing for a presentation, she becomes very fearful; she starts to sweat and notices that her mouth is extremely dry. Physiologically, Karen is experiencing the _____ response that is activated by the _____ nervous system. - fight-or-flight; sympathetic - fight-or-flight; parasympathetic - dopamine; sympathetic - dopamine; parasympathetic
fight-or-flight; sympathetic
The local fire department calls and asks you to donate $5 to the community firefighters' fund. Believing this is a reasonable request, you agree to donate. The following month someone from the department calls and praises your "humanitarian gesture," after which you are asked if you could donate a "small amount more." You agree to donate $10. The fire department may have used a persuasion strategy called the _____ technique. - social loafing - foot-in-the-door - door-in-the-face - social facilitation
foot-in-the-door
Three months ago, Kihye lost her job when the company she worked for went out of business. She has been searching tirelessly to find another job since then, and she even hired a career coach. However, she still has not been able to find a job. Many of Kihye's family members say that Kihye is just like most unemployed people: irresponsible, unmotivated, and lazy. Her family members' false perceptions are an example of: - the self-serving bias. - social loafing. - the bystander effect. - the fundamental attribution error.
fundamental attribution error
People with pessimistic explanatory styles are more likely to: - have poorer physical health. - cope effectively with stressful situations. - have higher numbers of lymphocytes, T cells, and helper T cells. - experience more positive moods.
have poorer physical health
Just moments after dozens of people get off a crowded bus, a badly dressed man stumbles and falls on the sidewalk near the bus stop. Research on bystander intervention suggests that: - he will get immediate help from many people. - the presence of others will decrease the diffusion of responsibility. - if one person stops to help him, other people are likely to help as well. - no one in the crowd will even perceive that he may need help.
if one person stops to help him, other people are likely to help as well
M.K., an accountant, often wonders why people are surprised when they find out that he is also a skydiving instructor on the weekends. The most obvious explanation is that people form cognitive schemas for different types of people and occupations. The use of these types of assumptions is a part of: - the fundamental attribution errors. - social categorization. - implicit personality theory. - the self-serving bias.
implicit personality theory
Suzanne has devoted her life to her children and believes she is a wonderful mother. Since all her children have graduated from college and moved into their own apartments, none of her children call or visit unless Suzanne contacts them. If they turn down an invitation from her, she is filled with anxiety and becomes defensive. Suzanne's reaction is probably due to a(n) _____ sense of self. - extraverted/stable - introverted/neurotic - incongruent - congruent
incongruent
The results of several studies that examined the benefits of social support on health and healing indicate that such support: - is marginally helpful. - increases the lifespan. - has no effect. - increases feelings of distress.
increases the lifespan
A technique Tarkan uses for improving cooperation within his fifth-grade class involves students working together in small, ethnically diverse groups on a mutual project. Tarkan is using the: - Robbers Cave strategy. - jigsaw classroom technique. - door-in-the-face technique. - rule of reciprocity.
jigsaw classroom technique
On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, as shown in Table 12.1, each life event is assigned a numerical rating that estimates its relative impact. These are called: - life change units. - stress indicators. - cumulative change units. - readjustment ratings.
life change units
According to the Critical Thinking box titled "Should Social Media Help to Diagnose Disorders?" _____ is one major concern with using social media to identify people who may have a psychological disorder. - the cost of reaching people identified - a lack of social media usage - a lack of data - maintaining privacy of users
maintaining privacy of others
Several studies have demonstrated some merit in the James-Lange theory of emotion, namely, Damasio's studies using positron-emission tomographic (PET) scans. The scans showed that the _____ cortex of the brain was activated during emotional experiences. - occipital - frontal - cerebral - somatosensory
somatosensory
The most fundamental dimensions of personality are called: - social cognitions. - surface traits. - source traits. - behavioral genetics.
source traits
Lisette has always thought that people who have many children are selfish and irresponsible. This belief is a type of social category known as a(n): - stereotype. - in-group bias. - self-serving bias. - out-group homogeneity effect.
stereotype
The _____ is the partly conscious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules. - ego - id - superego - subconscious
superego
Also known as "_____," these personality characteristics or attributes can easily be inferred from observable behavior. - surface traits - source traits - behavioral genetics - identification
surface traits
As August walks alone to their car one night, August is approached by a stranger who asks for directions. August's heart begins to race, and their blood pressure surges. August is experiencing the fight-or-flight response, that is specifically activated by the _____ nervous system. - autonomic - parasympathetic - sympathetic - central
sympathetic
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, also known as "DSM-5," is used to describe the _____ for different psychological disorders. - most empirically well-supported psychotherapeutic approaches - symptoms and diagnostic guidelines - biological underpinnings - best pharmacological treatments
symptoms and diagnostic guidelines
In a variety of follow-up studies to Stanley Milgram's original studies on obedience, it was found that several conditions decreased the likelihood of destructive obedience. These included all of these EXCEPT when: - buffers separating teacher from learner were lessened or removed. - teacher and learner were put in the same room. - teacher and learner were moved closer together. - teacher and learner were moved farther apart from one another.
teacher and learner were moved farther apart from one another
As you are driving to school, you feel a movement on your leg and suddenly realize there is a spider crawling up it. You stop the car, feeling panicky. Given what is known about the indirect pathways for sensory information, it is likely that the moment you saw the spider, that information was first routed to the: - hypothalamus. - thalamus. - visual cortex. - cerebral cortex.
thalamus
Sundir is conducting an experiment in which participants will be asked to purposely smile more during the day to see if smiling causes them to feel happier. Which of these theories would MOST likely support the hypothesis that smiling does make people feel happier? - the James-Lange theory - the Schachter-Singer theory - the two-factor theory - Walter Cannon's theory
the James-Lange theory
The "buffers" created between the punisher and the punished in the Milgram study, such as being in separate rooms, likely had which of these impacts on the punishers, the ones inflicting the shocks? - The buffers made the punishers more sensitive to the pain of the person being shocked. - The buffers personalized the effect the punishers were having on the persons receiving the shock. - The buffers distanced the punishers from the pain being inflicted on the persons being shocked. - The buffers made the punishers less likely to want to obey the experimenter.
the buffers distanced the punishers from the pain being inflicted on the persons being shocked
A phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it LESS likely that any individual will help someone in distress is called: - social loafing. - normative social influence. - altruism. - the bystander effect.
the bystander effect
The concept of a stereotype refers to: - the cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group. - the beliefs that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others. - a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group. - the rule or expectation for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation.
the cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group
Which of these would MOST likely infer someone's relief as a result of their interpretation of the situation? - the two-factor theory - the facial feedback hypothesis - the James-Lange theory - Walter Cannon's theory
the facial feedback hypothesis
