Psych 8

Which of the following is true of drives?

a. Psychological needs for approval, achievement, and belonging give rise to drives.

In the context of theories of motivation, birds build nests__________.

a. by instinct

Which of the following is true of psychological needs?

d. Psychological needs are the basic needs required for survival.

In the context of hunger, which of the following statements is true of the blood sugar level?

d. The drop in blood sugar is communicated to the hypothalamus.

The__________is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration.

d. autonomic nervous system

When the lateral hypothalamus of a rat is destroyed, it may most likely:

d. become aphagic.

The__________is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body.

d. parasympathetic nervous system

In the context of hunger,__________is the state of being satisfied.

d. satiety

In the case of stimulus motives, organisms:

d. seek to increase stimulation.

The _____ is the second phase of the sexual response cycle.

plateau phase

In the context of anorexia nervosa, which of the following statements is true?

Affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs.

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test?

It contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations.

In the context of the drive-reduction theory, which of the following is true of acquired drives?

a. They are developed through experience.

Which of the following is a biological factor responsible for obesity?

b. A high fat-to-muscle ratio

Which of the following is true of Maslow's theory?

d. It suggests that human behavior is not just mechanical and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension.

Which of the following is true of the evolutionary perspective of motivation?

It states that instinctive behaviors are genetically transmitted.

In the context of emotion, which of the following is a difference between the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory?

Unlike the Cannon-Bard's theory, the James-Lange theory says that emotions are produced by bodily changes.

Kathryn always watches the reruns of her favorite TV show. She generally doesn't smile or show any expression while watching these. Once, while watching an episode, Kathryn was asked to smile by her mom. When she watched the episode while smiling, she reported finding the episode more humorous, even though she had seen it several times earlier. This behavior is consistent with the _____.

a. facial-feedback hypothesis

The__________is a pea-sized structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation, including sex, aggression, and hunger.

a. hypothalamus

Cognitive theorists note that:

a. people represent their worlds mentally.

In the context of hunger, if the__________of a rat is electrically stimulated—that is, "switched on"—the rat stops eating until the current is turned off.

a. ventromedial nucleus

_____ are at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

b. Physiological needs

_____ is best described as the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future.

b. Positive psychology

__________is best described as the direction of one's romantic interests and erotic attractions—toward members of one's own anatomic sex, the other anatomic sex, or both.

b. Sexual orientation

Which of the following is a characteristic of polygraphs, or lie detectors?

b. Tense muscles will reduce their accuracy.

A(n)__________rat is characterized by under eating.

b. aphagic

According to James and Lange,__________are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses.

b. emotions

Motives are:

b. inferred from behavior.

Nadine works for an accounting firm. She makes enough money for herself and has bought a house with a top- notch security system. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Nadine has fulfilled her _____ needs.

b. safety

Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

c. Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is true of metabolism?

c. Fatty tissue in the body metabolizes food more slowly than muscle tissue does

Which of the following hormones can heighten the sex drive in women?

c. Testosterone

When a rat's ventromedial nucleus is destroyed, the rat will:

c. begin to eat uncontrollably.

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. The _____ theory best explains this behavior.

c. cognitive-dissonance

Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as _____.

c. emotions

Eli is a school student. Her teacher's appreciation motivates her to study well. She also aims to impress her teacher and parents by getting into a good university after she graduates from high school. Eli's performance goals seem to be met through _____.

c. extrinsic rewards

A(n)__________rat is characterized by excessive eating

c. hyperphagic

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he completes his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) _____.

c. incentive

In the context of hunger, we get signals of satiety from the _____.

c. mouth

A(n)__________is a state of deprivation.

c. need

According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfil their need for__________.

c. safety

Maslow believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for _____.

c. self-actualization

People take in more calories at buffets and smorgasbords than when fewer kinds of food are available. This tendency can best be explained by the concept of _____.

c. stimulus motives