psych

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?

2 and 3 only ( frequency and place )

Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through which of the following cells?

Bipolar and ganglion

Which part of the brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense?

Cerebellum

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?

Damage to the cerebellum

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates

top-down processing

The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave.

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accommodation

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?

A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar

Which of the following is the best example of the opponent process theory?

Fred stares at a green book for a minute, and then when he looks at a white page, he sees the color red.

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

Gate control theory

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?

Hue

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?

Occipital cortex

After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating?

Perceptual set

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

Sensory interaction

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

The eardrum

Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?

The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation

Which of the following explains transduction?

The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals

Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?

Transduction

Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?

Vestibular

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

When struck by light energy, cones and rods in the retina generate neural signals that then activate the

bipolar cells

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

blind spot

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the

cochlea

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the

muscular tension that occurs when the eyes turn inward

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires

selective attention

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

top-down processing

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

Afterimages

The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the

red-green system

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.

Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?

It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

After staring at a green, black, and orange "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?

Opponent-process theory

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?

Retinal disparity

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive

depth

Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli?

difference threshold

A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that

falls below the threshold for conscious detection

Visual acuity is best in the

fovea

The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its

frequency

Receptors for olfaction are located

in the nasal cavity

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster

is very sensitive to hot peppers

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

smell

John walks into art class and is overwhelmed by the smell of paint. However, the longer he stays in the room, the less noticeable the smell becomes. Which of the following appears to be operating in this instance?

sensory adaptation

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

sensory adaptation

On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

sensory adaptation

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?

D

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?

Cones

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

green

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the

inner ear

Evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision is provided by the fact that

the eyes see negative afterimages after staring at saturated colors for several minutes

Negative afterimages are explained by

the opponent-process theory