psych
Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?
2 and 3 only ( frequency and place )
Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through which of the following cells?
Bipolar and ganglion
Which part of the brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense?
Cerebellum
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?
Damage to the cerebellum
An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective attention
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates
top-down processing
The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to
transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?
The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave.
The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called
accommodation
All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?
A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar
Which of the following is the best example of the opponent process theory?
Fred stares at a green book for a minute, and then when he looks at a white page, he sees the color red.
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
Gate control theory
Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?
Hue
Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?
It has a short wavelength and high frequency.
Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?
Occipital cortex
After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating?
Perceptual set
When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?
Sensory interaction
Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?
The eardrum
Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?
The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation
Which of the following explains transduction?
The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals
Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?
Transduction
Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?
Vestibular
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
absolute threshold
When struck by light energy, cones and rods in the retina generate neural signals that then activate the
bipolar cells
The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the
blind spot
The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
cochlea
A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's
difference threshold
Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the
muscular tension that occurs when the eyes turn inward
Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires
selective attention
Balance is influenced by the
semicircular canals
Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people
switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention
Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by
top-down processing
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
Afterimages
The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the
red-green system
Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?
Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.
Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?
It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
After staring at a green, black, and orange "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
Opponent-process theory
Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?
Retinal disparity
Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?
Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve
Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive
depth
Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli?
difference threshold
A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that
falls below the threshold for conscious detection
Visual acuity is best in the
fovea
The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its
frequency
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the nasal cavity
People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
cones
It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster
is very sensitive to hot peppers
One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely
an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that
many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information
In vision, transduction occurs within the
retina
The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT
smell
John walks into art class and is overwhelmed by the smell of paint. However, the longer he stays in the room, the less noticeable the smell becomes. Which of the following appears to be operating in this instance?
sensory adaptation
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
sensory adaptation
On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of
sensory adaptation
In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?
D
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
spicy
Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?
Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body
Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?
Cones
If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is
green
Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the
inner ear
Evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision is provided by the fact that
the eyes see negative afterimages after staring at saturated colors for several minutes
Negative afterimages are explained by
the opponent-process theory