Psych Ch. 6 Memory

Which of the following statements is true of proactive interference?

Older learning interferes with new learning only if the new material shares similarity with the old material.

In the context of long-term memory, which of the following statements is true of flashbulb memory

Stimuli that stand out are preserved in detail in a person's long-term memory.

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed)

Asta was in a severe car accident. As a result of her injuries, she can no longer encode the memories of events that have occurred since the accident. This is an example of _________.

anterograde amnesia

Episodic memory is also referred to as ________.

autobiographical memory

After a single presentation, Lalitha can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called ________.

chunking

Which of the following is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli?

echoic memory

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _________.

elaborative rehearsal

What is the first stage of information processing?

encoding

Maxim and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Maxim her telephone number at a party, but Maxim is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Freya. Maxim and Rose remember the event differently due to having differing _______________.

episodic memories

The levels-of-processing model of memory holds that memories tend to wane when information is processed deeply.

false

Your memory of the alphabet or the multiplication tables is the result of a great deal of repetition that makes associations automatic, a phenomenon that psychologists refer to as retrospective memory.

false

Which type of memory can hold visual stimuli for up to a second and allows for the flow of visual information to see smooth and continuous?

iconic

How to perform different skills and actions is a component of _________.

implicit memory

Polina always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Polina's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _________.

infantile amnesia

Explicit memory is:

information that can be clearly stated.

Brown and McNeill's experiment on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon revealed that:

memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues.

If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n) ________.

memory trace

Meaningless sets of two consonants with a vowel sandwiched in between that are used to study memory are known as _____________.

nonsense syllables

Hedwig learned how to play racquetball prior to learning how to play tennis. Because of this, her tennis game has never been that good. The difficulty stems from __________.

proactive interference

When Nehir studies for her college classes, she actively thinks about the new information, thinks about its applications, and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Nehir is

processing the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory.

Darby was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as _________.

savings

Channing walked into a Moroccan restaurant and was surprised that he did not see any utensils (i.e., fork, knife, & spoon). Their surprise stems from the fact that he had never eaten without utensils before. This is an example of a(n) __________.

schema

The series of eye fixations that we perceive as visual sensations seem continuous, or stream like, because of __________.

sensory memory

When we look at a visual stimulus, our impressions of it may seem fluid enough. This is because:

sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected.

If a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories, it is likely that which part of their brain has been damaged?

thalamus

According to Freud, we are motivated to forget painful memories and unacceptable ideas because they produce anxiety, guilt, and shame.

true