PSYCH CH13
Along with Abraham Maslow, _____ represented the humanistic perspective on personality.
carl rogers
Brain activity scans suggest that people who are _____ seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low and the frontal lobe is less active.
extraverted
Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:
personality
You imagine the self you want to be—a great athlete, well loved, and well educated. You also imagine the self you fear becoming—a homeless person, lonely, and unemployed. These visions reflect the concept of:
possible selves
One's sense of competence and success in meeting challenges is called _____.
self-efficacy
What is a possible explanation as to why Asian-American students outperform their European-American counterparts academically?
Asian-American students are more pessimistic.
In a psychology class debate on the social-cognitive perspective, students need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which potential criticism of the social-cognitive perspective might they cite?
This perspective focuses too much on the situation and fails to appreciate a person's inner traits.
Samantha is typically described as soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful by her peers. She is likely to score high on the Big Five trait of:
agreeableness
_____ self-esteem correlates with aggressive and antisocial behavior, while _____ self-esteem is a healthier self-image that allows people to focus beyond themselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.
defensive; secure
Helena is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Helena's reaction to her children illustrates _____.
displacement
Psychologists would use _____ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (for example, ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance)
factor analysis
Shaun has been confronted by his roommate for his drinking behavior. Shaun tends to binge drink several times during the week, passing out in random places throughout the apartment. Shaun defends himself by saying that his roommate also drinks, as do most people their age. Today's researchers would call this:
false consensus effect
People high in the quality of _____ are open with their feelings and are transparent and self-disclosing.
genuineness
Rachel is a manager at a large department store. She is popular with her staff. Many of her employees like her because she is honest, frank, and open without any facade. Carl Rogers would argue that Rachel would score high on:
genuineness
Lin enjoys roller skating with her friends. Which choice exemplifies an internal personal factor associated with roller skating for Lin?
her own thoughts and feelings about rollerskating
Jacob picks up a hammer and begins pounding on a board just as his father is hammering nails into the wall. Jacob's actions are BEST explained by:
identification
In Eysenck and Eysenck's model, Jeffrey is unstable and extraverted. Jeffrey is MOST likely:
impulsive
Vincent is a famous rock musician from the 1980s. Even though he has not had a popular hit in more than 25 years, he has his own reality television show and a line of cologne. His psychologist thinks he displays excessive self-love and self-absorption and believes Vincent displays a high level of:
narcissism
Scores on measures of extraversion are _____ correlated with measures of sales performance.
not
In order to reveal hidden conflicts in the unconscious, neo-Freudians developed _____ tests.
projective
The role of childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations is MOST clearly emphasized by Sigmund Freud's _____ theory of personality.
psychoanalytic
The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is MOST clearly emphasized by the _____ perspective.
psychoanalytic
Bruce has been smoking since he was 15 years old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Bruce tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, you have to die of something." This BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
rationalization
Aerial's history of romantic relationships influences her attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how she now responds to her current boyfriend. This is an example of:
reciprocal determinism
Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of:
reciprocal determinism
Brenda's past experiences in college classes influence her attitude toward academic achievement, which then influence how she prepares for her current classes. This is an example of:
reciprocal determinism
Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was angry at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:
reciprocal determinism
One's sense of competence and success in meeting challenges is called:
self-efficacy
If the _____ bias is evident in the way an athlete explains her success or failure, she might blame her failure on bad officiating.
self-serving
According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:
traits
Hans and Sybil Eysenck reduced human personality to two basic factors, extraversion-introversion and:
emotional stability-instability.
Melissa is 13 years old. According to Freud, which stage of development is she currently in?
genital
Juan loves horseback riding. Which choice exemplifies an internal personal factor associated with horseback riding for Juan?
his thoughts and feelings about riding horses
All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Maslow, this suggests that Ernest will next seek to satisfy his need for:
self-esteem