Edec Quiz 3

According to a study in Denmark, breastfeeding for the first nine months of a child's life may positively impact the child's intellectual development.

true

Childhood hunger and malnutrition are widespread in the United States.

true

Early intervention programs are always housed in the local school building since they are federally funded.

true

Many of the most chronic disease in adults have their roots in the first years of life.

true

"Reflexes" are

unlearned involuntary movements controlled by brain.

One of the most reliable measures of a baby's health and development is

weight

Kimberly's baby receives the following scores on the Apgar Scale immediately following birth: heart rate (2), weak cry (1), muscle tone (2), reflex irritability (1), and color (1). The test is administered again 5 minutes later, and the baby receives the same scores. According to the Apgar Scale, does Kimberly's baby need assistance from medical staff following its birth?

yes

Mitch's mother just found out he has cerebral palsy. You should tell her:

"There is no cure, but there is a lot of help available."

Newborns can focus on objects _____ inches away.

10-12

At birth, an infant's visual acuity is about

20/400

It is not until about __________ of age that children can self-feed fairly neatly.

24 months

What is the normal gestation period?

40 weeks

How many states require that infants and younger children must be restrained in a crash-tested child restraint seat while riding in a motor vehicle?

50

The first baby teeth usually make an appearance around

6 months

Babies are born with poor vision, but by about _________ it is almost normal at 20/30.

8 months

Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI above the ___________ percentile.

95th

____________ is a broad term for a group of more than 30 diseases that cause muscle to degenerate and weaken.

Muscular dystrophy

What test is utilized to assess the behavior of infants who were exposed to drugs while in the womb?

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale

___________ development refers to changes in size and structure, while ____________ development refers to abilities like reaching, walking and sitting.

Physical; motor

Alice's newborn baby girl weighs 3 pounds, 8 ounces. What term best describes the baby's birthweight?

low birthweight

The initial role of the incubator is to

maintain the infant's body temperature

_________________ contributes to more than half of deaths of children worldwide.

malnutrition

Which theory of motor development says motor skills develop automatically because they are genetically predetermined?

maturational

The term analgesics refers to

medications that relieve pain and aid in relaxation during labor.

The baby's brain grows dramatically after birth mainly due to the formation of

more neural connections

Most newborns prefer _____ solutions.

sweet

Which of the following techniques are used in natural childbirth?

all of these

Why may a mother choose not to breast feed?

all of these

What are the four components of a well-child visit?

assessment, education, intervention, care coordination

Children grow in spurts, not at a steady rate. This is known as _________ growth.

asynchronous

Physical growth is

asynchronous.

__________________ have been found to be responsible for more baby injuries than any other product.

baby walkers

What is the duration of the neonatal period?

birth to 1 month

BMI is an abbreviation for

body mass index

"Doula" refers to

both A and B

Who aided in the development of natural childbirth?

both A and B

During what phase are the contractions strongest and most frequent?

both A and C

Individualized developmental care" refers to

both Band C

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be fed __________ exclusively the first __________ months of life.

breastmilk; 6

____________ can be described as a group of permanent disorders in the development of movement and posture.

cerebral palsy

David is learning how to run and jump. He is using his ________ motor skills.

gross

According to the text, what sense provides the "fullest level of communication" for a newborn?

hearing

The majority of the babies born in the United States are born at/in a __________, while in many developing countries babies are born at/in a _____________.

hospital; home

Elective induction has _______ in the United States, as it allows for more control over the delivery date.

increased

Katherine's contractions have grown in intensity, and the doctor is concerned about the progression of the childbirth and the growing risks to both the mother and the baby. The doctor decides that it is necessary to artificially begin the labor process with medication. This process is known as

induced labor

How long does labor last?

it is different for every mother

The motor map of the brain is called a homunculusis because

it resembles a small but disproportionate person.

Eight- month-old Stephen prefers throwing his food to eating it. Is this normal?

Absolutely. He is learning about himself and the world around him.

The Harvard model is similar to ______________'s model of development.

Bronfenbrenner

____________ is the most common cause of long-term motor function impairment, with a frequency of about 1 in 500 births.

Cerebral palsy

Between 20% and 30% of the births in the United States are a result of

Cesarean delivery.

Stemming from an interest in women's rights, what individual sought to remove the control of the birth experience from medical establishments and return it to mothers?

Sheila Kitzinger

Who is more likely to attain gross motor skills significantly later according to a research study?

Tomoko from Japan

"Anoxia" refers to

a lack of oxygen

Opportunities for children to explore their environment are called

affordances

Judy's baby weighed 7 lbs and 9 oz at birth. By the end of the first week the baby weighed 7 lbs 3 oz and she rushed to the doctor. The doctor said

all babies lose weight the first week

How many states have early intervention programs?

all of them

"Natural childbirth" refers to

all of these

Child-directed speech includes:

all of these

Doctors encourage mothers to breast feed in the first hours after delivery

all of these

Identify the concern(s) of a mother during her pregnancy.

all of these

Malnutrition is associated with

all of these

Sarah's newborn has been taken to the NICU and is being cared for by a team of specialists that consists of

all of these

What is the purpose of the Newborn Behavioral Observations?

all of these

Recent studies suggest that putting a child to sleep on his back may

delay gross motor milestones.

Traditionally, what is the longest stage of labor?

dilation

The most frequent genetic cause of mild to moderate mental retardation is

down syndrome

Trisomy 21 is also known as

down syndrome

What system in both the mother and baby triggers the onset of labor?

endocrine system

According to a Canadian study, former ELBW infants at ages 22 to 25 experienced lower high-school graduation rates, employment status, and rates of marriage and parenthood than their peers.

false

All babies are expected to hit their motor milestones at the same time.

false

Assisted vaginal delivery is risk-free.

false

Childbirth education benefits everyone.

false

Color vision is also slow to develop like acuity.

false

Early intervention has been so successful in remediating developmental delays that one day cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy will be eradicated.

false

Gifted children can be enrolled in early intervention programs if their parents want to optimize their education.

false

Infants prefer the voices and faces of both their father and mother.

false

The American Academy of Pediatrics acknowledges that the Apgar Scale can be used to predict long-term outcomes.

false

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supports the mother's choice to induce labor for her convenience, as well as when a number of health conditions are present

false

One of the reasons parents say "no" so often to their babies and toddlers is

for safety

What is the leading cause of death in newborns?

prematurity

Physical growth also proceeds from inside to outside; or near to far. This is called

proximodistal

Dilation begins with/when __________ and ends when ____________

regular contractions; the cervix is completely open.

Early intervention programs can be

remedial and preventive

Parents have to achieve a healthy balance between ___________ _________ to protect and encourage their children's development.

safety and challenge

_____________ involves detecting and discriminating information and _________ involves interpreting the information so it makes sense.

sensation; perception

The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale identifies how many areas of functioning?

seven

What is the least developed sense at birth?

sight

A baby who weighs less than it should for its age is referred to as

small for gestational age

Why did the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs?

so that the risk of Sudden Infant Death syndrome can be reduced

The term anesthetics refers to

strong pain relievers that block sensation

The "infant mortality rate" is

the death rate among infants during their first year.

The "neonatal mortality rate" refers to

the death rate among newborns

Which period of life has the most dramatic growth?

the first 2 years

The Lamaze approach to natural childbirth suggests that

the mother can control her pain by focusing on controlled breathing during labor.

One way we learned about when babies develop depth perception was

the visual cliff experiement

Labor consists of ____ stage(s)

three

Between birth and age 3 the brain _____________ in weight.

triples

"Cells that fire together, wire together"

true

A newborn who receives a massage can experience diminished stress levels and increased weight gain.

true