Psych Chap 6-8

__________is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.

Intelligence

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test?

It contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations.

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?

It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive."

Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech?

It is brief but grammatically correct

_____ is the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Memory

_____ are at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Physiological needs

__________of stored information means locating it and returning it to consciousness.

Retrieval

__________is best described as the direction of one's romantic interests and erotic attractions-toward members of one's own anatomic sex, the other anatomic sex, or both.

Sexual orientation

_____ believed that tension motivates us to behave in ways that restore us to a resting state.

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following hormones can heighten the sex drive in women?

Testosterone

Dana can only remember the first few and the last few items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?

The serial-position effect

In the context of the drive-reduction theory, which of the following is true of acquired drives?

They are developed through experience.

_____ refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.

Thinking

According to Noam Chomsky,__________is an underlying set of rules for turning ideas into sentences.

a universal grammar

A(n) _____ is a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied.

algorithm

A(n)__________is a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.

chunk

Dana has the ability to easily cope with unexpected and challenging situations. She generates solutions to problems by relating unexpected situations to familiar situations. In this scenario, Dana is exhibiting _____.

creative intelligence

In the context of the theories of intelligence,__________resembles two of Howard Gardner's "intelligences"-intrapersonal skills and interpersonal skills.

emotional intelligence

Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as _____.

emotions

In the context of processes of memory, the first stage of information processing:

encodes stimuli so that one can place them in memory.

According to psycholinguistic theory, _____.

environmental influences affect language acquisition

A(n)__________is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.

holophrase

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that:

humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal.

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _____.

infantile amnesia

A(n) _____ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.

language

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson, _____.

men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation

In the context of the sexual response cycle,__________is muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and the spasms of orgasm.

myotonia

Susan, an astronomer, studies the nature of stars and has contributed significantly to the understanding of the laws that govern their behavior. In this scenario, Susan is exhibiting _____.

naturalist intelligence

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is

not independent of his or her chronological age (CA).

The__________is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body.

parasympathetic nervous system

Jenna has not eaten in eight hours. She experiences hunger. According to the drive-reduction theory, Jenna is experiencing a _______

primary drive

Jonah loves learning new languages. In high-school, he learned French and in college, he learned Italian. Sometimes, when he is trying to remember Italian words, French words come to mind instead. This is an example of _____.

proactive interference

Sarah remembers that she must pack her suitcase and must lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future is known as _____.

prospective memory

A(n) _____ is a concept of a category of objects or events that serves as a good example of the category.

prototype

According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfil their need for__________.

safety

A person's ability to recall a historic event, like the American Civil War of 1861-65, would be an example of _____.

semantic memory

In the context of anorexia nervosa, which of the following statements is true?

Affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs.

Daniella thinks that she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight. She avoids eating food and has recently lost a lot of weight. Despite this, she continues to think that she is overweight. Which eating disorder is Daniella most likely suffers from?

Anorexia nervosa

Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

Bulimia nervosa

__________is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.

Creativity

Motives are:

inferred from behavior.

In Freud's psychodynamic theory,__________is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

repression

The__________is the final phase of the sexual response cycle.

resolution phase

Which of the following statements is true about a schema?

It is a way of mentally representing the world, which can influence perceptions.

Jane is a ten-year-old girl with a mental age (MA) of twelve. Jane's intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated using Wilhelm Stern's formula is _____.

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