psych chapter 15
what is mental illness (psychopathology)
a failure of adaptation to the environment
what is taijin kyofushu
a fear of offending others by saying something offensive or body odor
learning models focus on
acquiring fears via classical conditioning then maintaining them through operant conditioning
what is autism spectrum disorders
autistic disorder and less sever asperger's disorder
what is post traumatic stress disorder
marked emotional disturbance after you experience or witness a severely stressful event
who pushed for moral treatment of mentally ill
phillippe pinel and dorothea dix
what is the most common anxiety disorder
phobia
what is catastrophic thinking
predicting terrible events despite low probability
what is learned helplessness
tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control
what do diathesis-stress models propose
that disorder is a joint product of genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger it
borderline personality disorder is mostly seen in
women
brain abnormalities of someone with schizophrenia
-enlarged ventricles -increased sulci size -hypofrontality -neurotransmitter differences in dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and serotonin
MDD symptoms
-feeling blue or irritable -sleep difficulties -fatigue and loss of energy -weight changes -thoughts of death or suicide
symptoms of ADHD and early-onset bipolar disorder
-inattention -impulsivity -hyperactivity
early warning signs of schizophrenia vulnerability:
-social withdrawal -thought and movement problems -lack of emotions -decreased eye contact
symptoms of psychopathic personality
-superficial charm -dishonesty -manipulativeness -self-centeredness -risk taking
what is the post traumatic model
...
what is the sociocognitive model
...
symptoms of schizophrenia include
1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech
what are the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder
1. flashbacks and recurrent dreams 2. avoiding reminders of the trauma 3. increased physiological arousal
what is anxiety sensitivity
a fear of anxiety related symptoms
what kind of episodes are there in a bipolar disorder
both depressive and manic
dissociative identity disorder
characterized by presence of two or more distinct identities
what is comorbidity
co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person
how is OCD relieved by
compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts
beck's cognitive model
depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations
what is somatic symptom disorder
entails anxieties about physical symptoms that interfere with daily living
what is agoraphobia
fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack
what is diathesis
genetic vulnerability
when does a mood disorder develop
in 30s and is prevalent in females
what is dissociative amnesia
inability to recall important personal information, most often related to a stressful experience, that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
what is social anxiety disorder
intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations
what are dissociative disorders
involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception
what is koro
involves believing your genitals are shrinking and receding into your abdomen
average episode of MDD
lasts 6 months to 1 year and most people experience 5-6 episodes
what is the most common mood disorder
major depressive disorder (MDD)
who is psychopathic personality most likely
males
what is amok
marked by episodes of intense sadness and brooding followed by uncontrolled behavior and violence
what is the dimensional model
model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind
what is the categorical model
model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree
what is involuntary commitment
procedure for protecting us from certain people with mental disorders and protecting them from themselves
during what era was the medical model seeing mental illness as a physical disorder
renaissance
what is autistic disorder
sever deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination that is often accompanied by mental retardation
what is illness anxiety disorder
the preoccupation that one has a serious undiagnosed disease
what is the failure analysis approach
tries to understand mental illness by examining breakdowns in functioning
what is the demonic model
view of mental illness in which behaving oddly, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body
behavior model of depression
when someone is depressed and they try something new and don't succeed, they give up
what is depersonalization
when you have an out of body experience
symptoms of bipolar
-elevated mood -lowered need for sleep -high energy -talkativeness -inflated self esteem -shows highly irresponsible behavior equally common in both men and women
symptoms of BPD
-instability in mood -identity and impulse control -self destructive tendencies -overreact to stress
personality disorders should only be diagnosed when:
-personality traits first appear by adolescence -traits are inflexible, stable, and expressed in a wide variety of situations -traits lead to distress or impairment