psych chapter 15

what is mental illness (psychopathology)

a failure of adaptation to the environment

what is taijin kyofushu

a fear of offending others by saying something offensive or body odor

learning models focus on

acquiring fears via classical conditioning then maintaining them through operant conditioning

what is autism spectrum disorders

autistic disorder and less sever asperger's disorder

what is post traumatic stress disorder

marked emotional disturbance after you experience or witness a severely stressful event

who pushed for moral treatment of mentally ill

phillippe pinel and dorothea dix

what is the most common anxiety disorder

phobia

what is catastrophic thinking

predicting terrible events despite low probability

what is learned helplessness

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control

what do diathesis-stress models propose

that disorder is a joint product of genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger it

borderline personality disorder is mostly seen in

women

brain abnormalities of someone with schizophrenia

-enlarged ventricles -increased sulci size -hypofrontality -neurotransmitter differences in dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and serotonin

MDD symptoms

-feeling blue or irritable -sleep difficulties -fatigue and loss of energy -weight changes -thoughts of death or suicide

symptoms of ADHD and early-onset bipolar disorder

-inattention -impulsivity -hyperactivity

early warning signs of schizophrenia vulnerability:

-social withdrawal -thought and movement problems -lack of emotions -decreased eye contact

symptoms of psychopathic personality

-superficial charm -dishonesty -manipulativeness -self-centeredness -risk taking

what is the post traumatic model

...

what is the sociocognitive model

...

symptoms of schizophrenia include

1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech

what are the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder

1. flashbacks and recurrent dreams 2. avoiding reminders of the trauma 3. increased physiological arousal

what is anxiety sensitivity

a fear of anxiety related symptoms

what kind of episodes are there in a bipolar disorder

both depressive and manic

dissociative identity disorder

characterized by presence of two or more distinct identities

what is comorbidity

co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

how is OCD relieved by

compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts

beck's cognitive model

depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

what is somatic symptom disorder

entails anxieties about physical symptoms that interfere with daily living

what is agoraphobia

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

what is diathesis

genetic vulnerability

when does a mood disorder develop

in 30s and is prevalent in females

what is dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal information, most often related to a stressful experience, that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

what is social anxiety disorder

intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

what are dissociative disorders

involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

what is koro

involves believing your genitals are shrinking and receding into your abdomen

average episode of MDD

lasts 6 months to 1 year and most people experience 5-6 episodes

what is the most common mood disorder

major depressive disorder (MDD)

who is psychopathic personality most likely

males

what is amok

marked by episodes of intense sadness and brooding followed by uncontrolled behavior and violence

what is the dimensional model

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

what is the categorical model

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

what is involuntary commitment

procedure for protecting us from certain people with mental disorders and protecting them from themselves

during what era was the medical model seeing mental illness as a physical disorder

renaissance

what is autistic disorder

sever deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination that is often accompanied by mental retardation

what is illness anxiety disorder

the preoccupation that one has a serious undiagnosed disease

what is the failure analysis approach

tries to understand mental illness by examining breakdowns in functioning

what is the demonic model

view of mental illness in which behaving oddly, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

behavior model of depression

when someone is depressed and they try something new and don't succeed, they give up

what is depersonalization

when you have an out of body experience

symptoms of bipolar

-elevated mood -lowered need for sleep -high energy -talkativeness -inflated self esteem -shows highly irresponsible behavior equally common in both men and women

symptoms of BPD

-instability in mood -identity and impulse control -self destructive tendencies -overreact to stress

personality disorders should only be diagnosed when:

-personality traits first appear by adolescence -traits are inflexible, stable, and expressed in a wide variety of situations -traits lead to distress or impairment