Psych Chapters 1-8
A lawyer most likely has
analytical intelligence
identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations
babbling is prelinguistic
Gael suffers from epilepsy. Which type of drug would most likely be prescribed to treat this
barbiturates
When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives
behaviorist
When you are taking a test, you are awake and alert. This means that your brain is currently generating
beta wave
Alex is romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females. they are
bisexual
In relation to the question of what determines intelligence, most psychologists agree that:
both heredity and environment are important in determining intelligence
Visual Acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of ___________ in the region
cones
Which of the following statements is true of neurotransmitters
"Loose" neurotransmitters are either broken-down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal
Which type of brain waves are described as rapid, low-amplitude brain waves and have been linked to feelings of relaxation
Alpha Waves
Sergei is having disturbing thoughts. His therapist suggests doing blood work to measure the level of hormones. Which perspective is sergie's therapist using?
Biological
___________ study how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language
Cognitive Psychologists
Which Brain imaging technology takes several X-rays to reveal deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems?
Computerized axial tomography scan
Which theory offers possible explanation for why we dream about memories or problems from our day
Continuity Hypothesis
_____________ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma
Dissociative amnesia
which is a principle of critical thinking
Insist on evidence
Which of the following is a drawback of case studies
Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations
Which of the following statements is true of applied research?
It is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems.
In the context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement
People with Wernickes aphasia usually speak freely with proper syntax
Which is true about the scientific method
Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.
Which theory explains hypnotic events in terms of an individuals ability to act as though they are hypnotized
Role Theory
Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in
Sensorineural deafness
Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of
Subliminal Stimulation
Naomi is afraid of dogs. While she is feeling relaxed, her therapist shows her a dog from a distance. The therapist gradually brings the dog closer until Naomi's fear is completely extinguished. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs?
Systematic desensitization
Which one of the following best represents the role of testosterone in ones sexual orientation
Testosterone may have an activating effect on sexual desire
Paula was out on a date with her boyfriend. the song "Lucy in the sky with diamonds" by the Beatles came on and Paula and her boyfriend shared their first kiss which she enjoyed very much. Now whenever she hears this specific song, she feels happy and excited. In this instance, what is the conditioned stimulus?
The Song
Prior to conditioning, Kofi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and responses in this situation?
The food is the unconditioned stimulus; Kofi salivation is the unconditional stimulus; Kofi salivating is the unconditional response.
Which of the following causes Down syndrome
The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
Which conditions must be met before an ethics committee will approve an experiment that harms animals
There must be no alternative, and benefits justify the harm.
Prof. Schwiesow has four students in her class unexpectedly pop balloons resulting in a startle response in most students. In this situation the sound of the popping balloon would be considered a
Unconditional stimulus
If you were having trouble with balance, it would most likely be a problem with your ________ system
Vestibular
Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings
Vision
which one of these assessment groups test questions into a number of separate subtests where each subtest measures a different intellectual task?
Wechsler scale
Infant-centered speech is characterized by all except which of the following
complex sentences to encourage language development
it seems like every day you experience a decrease in your mental alertness around 2 or 3 oclock each afternoon. This daily occurrence in your mental alertness is an example of
a circadian rhythm
Chicken salad sandwiches have always been a favorite of michonne's. Her mom made her one for dinner but was unaware the mayo had sat out on the table for too long and had spoiled. Michonne got very sick after eating that sandwich. Now whenever she goes into the grocery store and sees chicken salad in the delicatessen, she feels sick to her stomach. The sick feeling she gets is
a conditional response
a hypothesis is
a statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research
Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constantancies on the eye
a visual illusion
Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Rani has just consumed a substance that provided an increase in energy that made it difficult to fall asleep. she has reduced appetite and is suffering from hallucinations and delusions what did rani likely injest
an amphetamine
in which if these strategies does the problem solver associate freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a limitless course
divergent thinking
Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of _____.
dopamine
Derris is a research assistant in Dr. Smith's psychology lab. When the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, Derris replied, "I do not know.' This is an example of a ________ study.
double-blind
according to James and Lange, which of these are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses
emotions
Which chemical messenger intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety
epinephrine
Leila's young son has accidentally locked himself in his room. Leila is trying to figure out how to unlock the door. Unfortunately, she doesnt realize her butter knife could be used to unlock the door. this illustrates
functional fixedness
Mina taught her dog to jump every time she raises he right hand. Later, the dog started jumping even if she raised her left hand. In this scenario, the dog's action of jumping as a response to a similar stimulus is due to a tendency called
generalization
Being left handed appears to provide a somewhat greater than average probability of
having dyslexia
in the context of organization in long-term memory an ___________ is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features
hierarchy
Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her _____.
hippocampus
Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called _____.
homeostasis
which of the following, along with receptors in our liver helps regulate our hunger
hypothalamus
Knowing how to play a piano without much conscious effort illustrate__________ memory
implicit
How to perform different skills and actions is a component of
implicit memory
Explicit memory is:
information that can be clearly stated.
which of these is a general mental capability that involves reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience
intelligence
Which of the following statements Is true of classical conditioning
it is involuntary, automatic learning
which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing
medulla
Which hormone promotes sleep
melatonin
Brown and McNeil's experiment on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon revealed that
memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues
according to William masters and Virginia Johnson
men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation
Which of these is best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as distinguished from variation that results from generations of gradual selection
mutation
A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been
negatively reinforced
The___________ Conducts sensory input to the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe
optic nerve
Max's three-year-old typically says things like, "I seed it" and "Mommy sitted down." These examples illustrate ________.
overregularization
according to your text, if you have adequate sight you also have what kind of memory
photographic
which of the following is the second phase of the sexual response cycle
plateau phase
Traits such as sociability and aggressiveness are thought to be
polygenic
Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?
practical intelligence
Researchers have shown that sexual orientation
primarily genetic
Food and water are examples of
primary reinforcers
if college courses would be considered a mental category, the PSY 201 C could be considered a
prototype
Essay tests are examples of
recall
Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, also known as a
receptor site
Sofia doesn't like eating vegetables. To ensure that Sofia eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of dessert every time Sofia finishes her vegetables. In the context of behaviorism, this is known as _____.
reinforcement
after telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank, Lucas goy to the point that he no longer could recall any more information. at that point, Lucas was experiencing
retrieval que failure
Clive wearing could remember how to play the piano, but couldn't remember his birthday party that occurred last year. His inability to remember events from the past is an example of deficits in which type of memory
retrospective
Kira, an eight-year old girl, sometimes walks in her sleep. She also responds to questions while she is up and about. However, when she wakes up in the morning, she does not remember the incident. In the context of sleep disorders, Kira is exhibiting symptoms of _
somnambulism
which of the following is one of Ekman's universal emotions
surprise
in the context of hunger, adaptive thermogenesis causes which of the following effects when someone goes on a diet
the body to burn fewer calories
In the context of hunger, which of the following statements is true of the blood sugar level
the drop in blood sugar is communicated to the hypothalamus
Emma, a college gymnast, has been struggling with several injuries In recent years. she has had several fractures and broken bones. Because gymnastics often emphasize thinness, Emma might be suffering from
the female athlete triad
Tom was trying to increase his fitness so that he could join some friends on a long-distance hiking trip. He is trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal. This is an example of_________
the means end analysis
The critical factor in state-dependent retrieval is the influence of
the persons mood at the time a memory is encoded and retrieved
Although Crystal had practiced her presentation several times before class, she struggled in the middle part of the speech when she gave it in class. This pattern of forgetting illustrates __________.
the serial-position effect
Which of the following is one of the most common concerns about the cannon bard theory
the theory says that emotions occur independently from the environment
A person with normal color vision is labeled a
trichromat
Cochlear implants contain microphones that sense sounds and electronic equipment that transmits sounds past damaged hair cells to stimulate the auditory nerve TRUE OR FALSE
true
Dreams experienced during REM sleep tend to be
vivid
A dog chews on its toy and with each bite, the toy squeaks. If the squeaking sound is the reinforcer, the dog's response in biting the toy is reinforced with which type of schedule?
continuous reinforcement
An __________ expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
correlation coefficient
the loudness of a sound is expressed in
decibels
the Atkinson-Shiffron model of stages of memory intends to
determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory
which best characterizes Howard Gardners view of intelligence
"There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas of the brain."
what percentage of genes are shared by monozygotic twins
100 Percent
The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM lasts about
90 Minutes
Which Theory related to dreams states that acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming
Activation-synthesis model
Your friend Adelina tells you that she is red-green color blind. She sees things in
All colors except either red or green
The ___________ perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams---and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species--are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain
Biological
In order to better remember the information from his psychology text, Sheldon groups concepts into various categories and then studies those categories one at a time. Sheldon is using what type of memory strategy
Categorization
Which of the following statements Is true of the nativist theory of language development
Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning
if you are in a full room of people conversing but can still pick out the speech of a single person, you are experiencing which phenomenon
Cocktail party effect
____________________ Is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination evidence
Critical Thinking
Which of the following is something that parents and educators can do to tone down the impact media violence is having on children
Explain the real life consequences of violence
According to Weber's law, the absolute threshold for all senses is the same for everyone TRUE OR FALSE
False
Elijah is a web-content writer. He gets paid $100 for every five articles he publishes. In this scenario, on which schedule of reinforcement is Elijah's payment based
Fixed-ratio schedule
Some individuals who use lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic LSD "trip" but occur days, weeks, or longer after usage. What are these experiences called?
Flashbacks
Asha has a fear of darkness. To extinguish this fear, she is placed in a dark room ensuring that she suffers no harm in the process. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to reduce Asha's fear of the dark?
Flooding
Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is a(n) _____ psychologist.
Forensic Psychologist
Due to repeated exposure to media violence, viewers' sensitivity to violence may decrease. This Is called
Habituation
in the context of memory and forgetting, one of the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that
Infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize or classify events.
On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school ground and quietly sat in the corner watching children play. He noticed several patterns in the way children behaved with each other. Daniel is using?
Introspection
Which structure in the front of the eye dilates and constricts to determine how much light will be allowed to get into the eye?
Iris
Which is the oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration
Medulla
When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such as fake pills called
Placebos
Which of the following statements about punishment is TRUE
Punishment is not another term for negative reinforcement
In the context of the human eye, the size of the _______________ is sensitive to emotions
Pupil
Prof. Schwiesow is trained as what
School Psychologist
Jonah is reading a book in a crowded bus. some boys sitting near him are talking and laughing loudly. Jonah focuses on reading his book and ignores the noise around him. This scenario illustrates an aspect of consciousness called
Selective attention
After moving to Nebraska, Bobbi did not notice any distracting sounds. As time passed she became more and more aware of the cicadas in her back yard. What is this an example of
Sensory (Positive) adaptation
Mihail suffers from a sleep disturbance that repeatedly wakes him up during the night. He frequently stops sleeping for up to 60 seconds at a time, half wakes up, starts breathing again, and then returns to sleep. What would be the best diagnosis in this case?
Sleep apnea
labib is having severe epileptic seizures since a very young age. His seizures have become less frequent since he underwent an operation. However, he has problems expressing what he feels. When he feels happy, his facial expressions often show anger. Labib has most likely undergone a _________ Operation
Split-brian
In classical conditioning, the term extinction can be misleading because
Spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur
According to the American Psychologist Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments?
The Participants are debriefed afterwards
Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs a quick method of observation by which she can consolidate the data from her questionnaires without taking too much time. Which of the following methods should be recommended for Julie? a. Naturalistic observation method b. The case study method c. Field experiments d. The survey method
The survey method
What is the term for the habituation to a drug that includes the need for increasingly higher doses of the drug to achieve similar effects
Tolerance
Dr. Jackson is often found in class using phrases like, "it is similar to...." and "kind of like" making connections between similar things is an
analogy
events and arousal are appraised by the individual. The emotional response stems from the persons appraisal of the situation and his or her level of arousal
cognitive appraisal theory
Aria works at a marketing research firm.Whenever she processes information, she disregards information that does not fit in with her idea so as to eliminate discrepancies. This behavior is consistent with _____.
cognitive dissonance theory
Peter went out cycling one morning. He was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, Peter severely injured his head. The doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of Peter's brain for further investigation?
computerized axial tomography
the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems is also known as
creativity
The electroencephalograph is a method of
detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed on the scalp.
During a guided meditation session, Rachel was asked to picture a green valley under a clear blue sky. She was asked to "feel" the wind against her face and "hear" the birds chirping around her. Although none of these stimuli were actually present, Rachel felt very conscious of them. Which of the following phenomena best defines Rachel's experience?
direct inner awareness
Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby had an immediate sensation of pain. This sensation was transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain through__________.
efferent neurons
When Angelica studies for her college classes, she actively thinks about the new information, thinks about its applications, and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Angelica is:
elaboration
What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?
exposure to sunlight
jerrion was working in his apartment on a very difficult project for work. He decided to take a break and walk outside. it was bright sunny day and he was squinting a lot because of the light. Upon getting back inside to work on the project he felt more excited about it. this behavior is consistent with
facial feedback hypothesis
Which of the following represents your full genetic potential
genotype
A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a
heuristic
if the ____________ is damaged, a person has difficulty forming new memories
hippocampus
When a child utters the word "mama," it may signify meanings as varied as "There goes Mama," "Come here, Mama," and "You are my Mama." Such single words used by children to express complex meanings are known as _____.
holophrases
the flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of __________ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second
iconic
Rachel came across a question she did not know while taking her psych exam. She skipped it and moved on, returning to it when she recalled the answer. Which strategy did Rachel use
incubation
Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating __________.
infinite creativity
Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) ________.
intrinsic goal
The Blind spot
is insensitive to visual stimulation
Which of the following statements is true about long term memory
it is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive"
Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold
it is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found
As we age and reach our late 30's to mid-40's, what structure in our eyes tends to have difficulty accommodating?
lens
These neurons help explain why behaviors like yawning and laughter seem to be contagious
mirror neurons
Delilah's older sister is swinging. She watches how her older sister pumps her legs forward then back while swinging. Delilah gets on the swing next to her and starts to copy her sister. the older sister is the
model
Because of her poor health, your Aunt B had to take a lot of medication. She usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so. This forgetting is a failure of what type of memory?
prospective memory
In the context of operant conditioning, when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes" this is an example of ___________-
reinforcement
Nadine works for an accounting firm. She makes enough money for herself and has bought a house with a top-notch security system. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Nadine has fulfilled her _____ needs.
safety needs
it is not uncommon for student to stay awake all night to prepare for an exam. If students do this for more than one consecutive night, they many have trouble learning and remembering information. What are they suffering from?
sleep deprivation
Silas has a cold which has caused him to have a stuffy nose. Besides not being able to smell, what other sense may be affected
taste
Which of the following hormones can heighten sex drive in women
testosterone
in the context of the drive-reduction theory, which of the following is true of acquired drives
they are developed through experience
The difference between sensation and perception is that sensation, or the stimulation of our senses, is an automated process resulting from sources of energy or the presence of chemicals while perception is an active process in which sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world. TRUE OR FALSE
true
Ashton works as a server at a local restaurant and he knows that the more tables that he waits on, the better the likelihood of more tips. This schedule is a
variable-ratio schedule