psych exam 3
A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it is like a:
flash flood—spreading out wherever there is room for it to go.
children rates
infrequent and people see it as a behavioral struggle
binges
ingest very large amounts of food, normally in secret with sweets/high calories/soft foods.
% schizophrenia
10
nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)
Direct and deliberate destruction of one's own body tissue that is not accompanied by an intent to die.
restricting type
Lose weight by cutting out sweets and fattening snacks, eventually eliminating nearly all food Show almost no variability in diet
Binge-eating/purging type
Lose weight by forcing themselves to vomit after meals or by abusing laxatives or diuretics Like those with bulimia nervosa, people with this subtype may engage in eating binges
women
OD. guns make up 32%
% unipolar/ bipolar
70
what is percent of people who drink before?
70%
medical problems of anorexia
-Amenorrhea -Low body temp, low blood pressure -Body swelling -Reduced bone density -Slow Heart rate -Metabolic imbalances -Dry skin -Poor circulation
two ways eating disorders are treated?
1- correct dangerous eating patterns 2- address broader psychological and situational factors
Age of anorexia?
14-20
% chronic alcoholism
20
subintentional suicide
A death in which the victim plays an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconscious role.
retrospective analysis
A psychological autopsy in which clinicians piece together information about a person's suicide from the person's past. - suicide notes - medical history
Modeling: Contagion of suicide
A suicidal act appears to serve as a model for other such acts, especially among teens.
During a manic episode, Angie tells her partner that she is getting a tattoo. Her partner tells her that they don't have extra money for a tattoo and explains that they need the money for food. Which response would be typical in this situation?
Angie ignores her partner's request and gets a tattoo anyway.
why in adolescence
Clinical depression, low self-esteem, hopelessness and Anger, impulsiveness, alcohol or drug problems
Psychodynamic view
Depression and anger at others that is redirected toward self
who do they model?
Family members and friends, Celebrities and highly publicized cases, Coworkers and colleagues Postvention
A 12-year-old middle-school European American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?
Her age
Anorexia Nervosa
Individual purposely takes in too little nourishment, resulting in body weight that is very low and below that of other people of similar age and gender. - fearful of gaining weight - distorted body perception
Which statement is TRUE regarding the prevalence of bipolar disorder?
It affects millions of people in the United States, between 1 and 2.6 percent of all adults.
Clinical Picture of Anorexia
Key goal is becoming thin Driving motivation is fear Preoccupation with food occurs Thinking is distorted Usually have a low opinion of their body shape Tend to overestimate their actual proportions Hold maladaptive attitudes and misperceptions
Treatments after suicide attempts
Medical care Appropriate follow-up with psychotherapy or drug therapy
progression of bulimia nervosa
Normal to slightly overweight female has been on intense diet Begins in adolescence or young adulthood, lasts for years with periodic letups Weight fluctuates but often stays within normal range
Interpersonal view
Perceptions related to desire for suicide Perceived burdensomeness Thwarted belongingness
Suicide
Self-inflicted death in which one makes intentional, direct, and conscious effort to end one's life
Durkheim's sociocultural view
Suicide probability is determined by attachment to social groups such as family, religious institutions, and community.
what is the MOST accurate description of the symptoms of mania?
They don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others.
which statement is TRUE regarding people experiencing mania?
They want excitement and companionship.
How is suicide studied?
Using retrospective analysis as psychological autopsy Studying people who survive their suicide attempts
On an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, and then Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing:
a manic phase of bipolar I disorder.
Progession of anorexia
a normal to slightly overweight female has been on a diet. May follow a stressful event
Hopelessness
a pessimistic belief that one's present circumstances, problems, or mood will not change
Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
self-harm
addictive, offers some kind of relief. feel empty, negative, isolated, and indignity confusion
Three main types of eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder
Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania.
behavioral
A manic episode is to hypomania as _____ is to _____.
bipolar I disorder; bipolar II disorder
Someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as having:
bipolar II rapid cycling.
Psychodynamic binge-eating
bruch= disturbed mother and child interactions lead to serious deficits.
Perceived burdensomeness
burden on families, friends, society, believe better to die for them.
egoistic
carried out by people whom society has little control of. isolated, alienated, non-religious ppl
death seekers
clearly intend to end their lives at the time they attempt suicide. This singleness of purpose may last only a short time
death initiators
clearly intend to end their lives, but they act out of a belief that the process of death is already under way and that they are simply hastening the process. Some expect that they will die in a matter of days or weeks.
stressful events?
combat stress, loss of loved one, loss of job, natural disasters- immediate
death ignorers
do not believe that their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence. They believe they are trading their present lives for a better or happier existence.
Thwarted belongingness
dont feel connected to family and social network
death dares
experience mixed feelings, or ambivalence, about their intent to die, even at the moment of their attempt, and they show this ambivalence in the act itself.
Lanugo
fine downy hair of newborn infant
Biological view
genetics and brain development
feeling after binging
great tension, self-blame, shame, guilt, depression
Hypothalamus
helps regulate bodily functions like hunger and eating. control of appetite
transgender rates
higher because of abuse, prejudice, and stigma
Cognitive behavioral factors in binge-eating
little controls in life mean excess control of body size. negative self judgement based on body
Introjecting
lost person (Freud; Abraham): Anger over a lost loved one turns to self-hatred and then depression
mental disorders
majority of suicide attempters have a psychological disorder.
enmenshed family
members are over involved with others affairs and welfare
highest in what age?
middle age 45-64
adolescence
more common at the age of 13. higher in girls
the elderly
most likely to commit suicide and most successful. - illness - loss relationships, control of life, social status
A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. In addition, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and gives away a lot of money to random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily:
motivational and behavioral.
higher suicide in
never married and divorced
Death instincts/Thanatos (Freud)
people learn to redirect their death instinct by aiming towards other people
internet
pro-suicide websites 7.5 look to internet livestreaming
Bulima Nervosa (BN)
repeated binge eating episodes. make themselves sick in order to not gain weight. weekly for 3 months. Secret!
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is the:
severity of the manic episodes.
anomic
social environment fails to provide stable structures, family, religion, giving meaning to life. disorangized, inadequate, decaying society
long term
social isolation, illness, injury, abusive environment, occupational stress
lateral hypothalamus
stimulates hunger
Triggers?
stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol and other drug use, mental disorders, and modeling
According to DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT:
suicidal ideation.
ventromedial hypothalamus
suppresses hunger
weight set point
the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
body dissatisfaction
the single most powerful contributor to dieting and to the development of eating disorders. - 83% of all women
altrustic
undertaken by people well integrated into social cultures- intentionally sacrifice their life for others ( ex. teacher in a school shooting)
binge eating disorder
unusually fast eating, uncomfortable fullness, secrets eating due to shame
Dichotomous thinking
viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms
men
violent ways like shooting, stabbing, or hanging. guns make up 56%
compensation behaviors
vomiting, laxatives