Psych Exam Prep

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

observational

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed. Answers: continuous

partial

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

Cones

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

Shaping

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

- Learning to speak Spanish by attending Spanish class - (Answer) teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park - your brother refusing to play with you - your father teaching you how to write by holding your hand as you form the letters

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

- checking your e-mail at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new e-mail notification - feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m. - knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you - (Answer) collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart playing the slot machine

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

- classical conditioning - higher order conditioning - neutral stimulus - spontaneous recovery One of them is the answer, even i dont know which one it is :P

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

- instinct - learning - reflex - stimulus One of them is the answer but i don't know which one :(

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

n operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

Punishment

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned response

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision?

cornea -> pupil -> lens -> retina

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

negative reinforcement

Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX). That we perceive three pairs of Xs reflects the Gestalt principle(s) of:

proximity

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment