Psych Final

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

Becoming split off from one's core sense of self

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Behavior therapy

How does behavior therapy differ from psychoanalysis?

Behavior therapy uses principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into a client's unconscious.

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing social anxiety disorder?

Behavioral inhibition

Which of the following defines the concept of perceived control?

Beliefs about the capacity to influence personal outcomes

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity facilitates a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Natalie is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose and spends hours trying to cover the barely noticeable freckles. Natalie recently declared that her nose is deformed, she is ugly, and she wants plastic surgery. Which of the following is a likely diagnosis for Natalie?

Body dysmorphic disorder

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of ADHD?

Genetic and neurological factors

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?

Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate the thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

Humanistic therapy

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?

It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Which of the following illustrates a flashback?

Jeff was in a motorcycle accident. Now, when he hears loud noises he relives the accident.

Colby is talking with his wife, Shayla, when Shayla starts crying. Colby immediately assumes that Shayla wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion does this situation illustrate?

Jumping to conclusions

Which of the following is a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

Lack of regard for others' rights and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Which of the following has the potential to be diagnosed with peripartum onset depression?

Maggie, a woman who just gave birth to twins

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Which of the following illustrates the diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie is genetically predisposed toward depression but did not have depression until his parents died.

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

Paranoid

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?

Possessing excessive, persistent fear

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

Primary

Bret, who recently lost his job, is handling the stress by searching for a new position every day, updating his resume, and eliminating nonessentials from his budget to reduce his monthly expenses. Which type of coping approach is Bret using?

Problem focused

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have cancer. During the sessions, the counselor defines cancer, discusses treatments and side effects, and explains how the children can develop coping mechanisms. Which of the following does this situation illustrate?

Psycho-educational treatment

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

When asked a question, Mario answers very slowly and in a monotone voice. Which term describes Mario's behavior?

Psychomotor retardation

Which of the following illustrates paranoid personality disorder?

Raj is unjustifiably suspicious and mistrustful of his coworkers.

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

Repetitive thoughts and urges

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?

Retired people

Jack typically wears bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to himself. Which of the following does this illustrate?

Safety behavior

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. With which of the following disorders is Veena living?

Schizophrenia

Which of the following describes major depressive disorder?

Spending weeks feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

Stimulus hierarchy

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

Strategic

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

Systematic desensitization

Which statement about tension headaches is true?

Tension headaches are triggered by stress and eyestrain.

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened.

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

Training for a marathon

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

Type A

Which of the following illustrates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique nearly falls from a tree but grabs a branch and focuses on getting down safely.

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be nonjudgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

Unconditional positive regard

Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist, and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?

Voluntary

A woman diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder would most likely engage in which of the following behaviors?

Washing her hands every 10 minutes during the day

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing ________.

a dissociative fugue

A stressor is likely to be considered a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to harm

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

antidepressants

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

biomedical

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.

can perform miracles

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."

change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

client-centered

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

counterconditioning

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are examples of ________.

daily hassles

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity

Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer, he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.

flow

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.

job burnout

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.

process of closing large asylums

Schizophrenia is considered a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Repeated drug or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.

relapse

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________.

structural family therapy

Comorbidity is defined as ________.

the co-occurrence of two disorders

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect behavior

Which of the following illustrates the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk.

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish goals. The therapist acknowledges Marlena's feelings, restates what Marlena just said, and clarifies the feelings behind Marlena's statement. Which of the following does this situation illustrate?

Active listening

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

Anxiety

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?

As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases.

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

Asthma

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.

Asylums

Which of the following can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes, raise cholesterol levels, and cause drowsiness and dizziness?

Atypical antipsychotics

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

Autism spectrum disorder

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is false?

Autism spectrum disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Cognitive therapy

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

According to research, which of the following groups experienced the greatest increase in stress levels between 2006 and 2009?

College-educated, employed men

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Coping

Which term describes a therapist who can develop treatment strategies to address the needs of various populations?

Culturally competent

Which of the following is the current classification system used by most mental health professionals in the United States?

DSM-5

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?

Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.

Which level of stress leads to burn out, fatigue, and exhaustion?

Distress

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

Dorothea Dix

Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?

Ed believes he can end an argument with his wife by either apologizing or buying her a gift. He decides apologizing is more effective.

Owen, an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts, applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that many of his artist friends are unemployed. Which type of coping approach is Owen using?

Emotion focused

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

_______ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Which of the following is not an example of suicidal ideation?

Fearing death

Jade hears a noise and turns to find a rattlesnake near her foot. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. Which term describes Jade's reaction?

Fight-or-flight response

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

Flow