Psych Midterm 1
the cerebrum controls....
....all higher brain function
schizophrenia appears at what age?
Early adulthood, when people begin to face the world on their own.
How is natural selection related to psychology?
Humans behave as they do in part because that behavior promotes survival.
PET scan
neurotransmitter trackers and injected so brain function can be recorded
EEG
nodes placed on the skull detect and record brain activity
fluid intelligence
the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns
Freudian theory is ______
untestable and not grounded in science
TMS
uses magnets to temporarily inhibit brain function in a certian area
prefrontal cortex
very front of the frontal lobe, controls planning
occipital lobe
visual processing
Which "ism" says that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience?
empiricism
tabula rasa is the belief that ______
every one is born as a "blank slate"
Which approach would be most appropriate for testing the hypothesis that taking practice tests improves learning more than studying alone does?
experimental research
endorphins
hormone that relieves pain and induces feelings of pleasure or euphoria
functionalism says that ______
human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose
monozygotic twins
identical twins
fMRI scan
real time MRI scanning, allows us to look at processes as they happen
Which of the following approaches to psychology did Edward Titchener advocate in the late 1800s?
structuralism
what did Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark create?
the "Doll Test"
serotonin
the "happy" hormone
norepinephrine
"fight or flight" hormone
The year 1879 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year _______
Wilhelm Wundt developed and opened the first psychology laboratory.
egocentrism
a child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view
Edward Titchener
a psychologist known for creating structuralism
empiricism is _____
a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience
the "Doll Test" was created by _____
Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark
glutamate
cell-signalling neurotransmitter, most common on the cerebellum
cognitive psychology is the study of _____
cognitive functions (reasoning, memory, attention, language, etc.)
constructivism
critique of previous standard approaches
thalamus
relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex, located just above the spinal chord
amygdala
responsible for detecting fear and preparing for emergency events
limbic system
responsible for the experience and expression of emotion, includes the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus
parietal lobe
sensory information: navigation, touch, body arrangement
central sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes
John Locke believed in the theory of _______
tabula rasa
crystallized intelligence
the ability to use learned knowledge and experience
what happens during sensitive periods of development?
the brain is most likely to strengthen important connections and eliminate unneeded ones in a specific part of the brain
habituation
the diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus
introspection
the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes
menarche
the first occurrence of menstruation
synaptogenesis
the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system
psychology is the study of ______
the mind and behaviour
corpus callosum
the nerve fibers that connect the hemispheres of the brain, sometimes cut to stop seizures for spreading across the brain
dopamine
the precursor neurotransmitter
structuralism is _____
the study of the mind as a structure, breaking it down into parts
Gestalt psychology studies _____
the whole, rather than parts of the mind, attempting to gain meaning in the chaotic world
teratogan
things that can harm a fetus as it is developing
avoidant attachment
when an individual ignores their caregiver, showing no attachment or emotion when the caregiver leaves or returns
ambivalent attachment
when an infant feels separation anxiety when separated from the caregiver and does not feel reassured when the caregiver returns to the infant
The effects of PKU are epigenetic because....
....PKU is harmful only if a child ingests significant amounts of phenylalanine.
A correlation of −0.80 between meditation and anxiety symptoms would indicate....
....meditation predicts lower levels of anxiety.
One reason dysfunctional alleles can have such specific effects on the workings of our sensory systems is that....
....our sensory systems rely on the functioning of more than one protein.
the role of the thyroid is....
....regulating the endocrine system
Heritability estimates tell us....
....the degree to which variations in a population can be attributed to genetics.
Epigenetics is most concerned with....
....the expression of a particular gene as influenced by external inputs.
Kohlberg was most interested in....
....the reasoning by which people reached their decisions.
the cerebellum controls....
....voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech
the social brain hypothesis says......
...we are capable of maintaining social networks of up to 150 people throughout our lives.
CT scan
360 x-rays map the fluid and solid matter of the brain
What is the primary difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A theory is a collection of data-based hypotheses.
accommodation (development)
accepting the ideas that conform to your known ideas
acetylcholine
activates muscles
assimilation (development)
assimilating new ideas that do not agree with your own
When a child learns new information about the world that fits with her schema, it is called _______. When a child learns new information that requires her to change her schema, it is called _______.
assimilation; accommodation
temporal lobe
auditory perception
what are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?
autonomic and somatic
in Plato's cave allegory, a prisoner was temporarily unchained and allowed to see the fire at the mouth of the cave. When he returned to the chains, the other prisoners _____
refused to believe him
What did Wilhelm Wundt do?
developed and opened the first psychology laboratory in 1879
dizygotic twins
fraternal twins
What "ism" argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?
functionalism
GABA
inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults, excititory in children
MRI scan
magnets are used to exaggerate atomic resonance, a machine detects the signals produced
preconventional morality
make decisions based on what is best for themselves, without regard for others' needs or feelings
frontal lobe
motor function, reasoning, memory, language, social behaviour
basal ganglia
nerves that coordinate learning and executing motor control, located above the spinal chord
postconventional morality
recognizing that social rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior