Psych Midterm 1

the cerebrum controls....

....all higher brain function

schizophrenia appears at what age?

Early adulthood, when people begin to face the world on their own.

How is natural selection related to psychology?

Humans behave as they do in part because that behavior promotes survival.

PET scan

neurotransmitter trackers and injected so brain function can be recorded

EEG

nodes placed on the skull detect and record brain activity

fluid intelligence

the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns

Freudian theory is ______

untestable and not grounded in science

TMS

uses magnets to temporarily inhibit brain function in a certian area

prefrontal cortex

very front of the frontal lobe, controls planning

occipital lobe

visual processing

Which "ism" says that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience?

empiricism

tabula rasa is the belief that ______

every one is born as a "blank slate"

Which approach would be most appropriate for testing the hypothesis that taking practice tests improves learning more than studying alone does?

experimental research

endorphins

hormone that relieves pain and induces feelings of pleasure or euphoria

functionalism says that ______

human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose

monozygotic twins

identical twins

fMRI scan

real time MRI scanning, allows us to look at processes as they happen

Which of the following approaches to psychology did Edward Titchener advocate in the late 1800s?

structuralism

what did Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark create?

the "Doll Test"

serotonin

the "happy" hormone

norepinephrine

"fight or flight" hormone

The year 1879 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year _______

Wilhelm Wundt developed and opened the first psychology laboratory.

egocentrism

a child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view

Edward Titchener

a psychologist known for creating structuralism

empiricism is _____

a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience

the "Doll Test" was created by _____

Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark

glutamate

cell-signalling neurotransmitter, most common on the cerebellum

cognitive psychology is the study of _____

cognitive functions (reasoning, memory, attention, language, etc.)

constructivism

critique of previous standard approaches

thalamus

relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex, located just above the spinal chord

amygdala

responsible for detecting fear and preparing for emergency events

limbic system

responsible for the experience and expression of emotion, includes the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus

parietal lobe

sensory information: navigation, touch, body arrangement

central sulcus

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

John Locke believed in the theory of _______

tabula rasa

crystallized intelligence

the ability to use learned knowledge and experience

what happens during sensitive periods of development?

the brain is most likely to strengthen important connections and eliminate unneeded ones in a specific part of the brain

habituation

the diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

introspection

the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes

menarche

the first occurrence of menstruation

synaptogenesis

the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system

psychology is the study of ______

the mind and behaviour

corpus callosum

the nerve fibers that connect the hemispheres of the brain, sometimes cut to stop seizures for spreading across the brain

dopamine

the precursor neurotransmitter

structuralism is _____

the study of the mind as a structure, breaking it down into parts

Gestalt psychology studies _____

the whole, rather than parts of the mind, attempting to gain meaning in the chaotic world

teratogan

things that can harm a fetus as it is developing

avoidant attachment

when an individual ignores their caregiver, showing no attachment or emotion when the caregiver leaves or returns

ambivalent attachment

when an infant feels separation anxiety when separated from the caregiver and does not feel reassured when the caregiver returns to the infant

The effects of PKU are epigenetic because....

....PKU is harmful only if a child ingests significant amounts of phenylalanine.

A correlation of −0.80 between meditation and anxiety symptoms would indicate....

....meditation predicts lower levels of anxiety.

One reason dysfunctional alleles can have such specific effects on the workings of our sensory systems is that....

....our sensory systems rely on the functioning of more than one protein.

the role of the thyroid is....

....regulating the endocrine system

Heritability estimates tell us....

....the degree to which variations in a population can be attributed to genetics.

Epigenetics is most concerned with....

....the expression of a particular gene as influenced by external inputs.

Kohlberg was most interested in....

....the reasoning by which people reached their decisions.

the cerebellum controls....

....voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech

the social brain hypothesis says......

...we are capable of maintaining social networks of up to 150 people throughout our lives.

CT scan

360 x-rays map the fluid and solid matter of the brain

What is the primary difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A theory is a collection of data-based hypotheses.

accommodation (development)

accepting the ideas that conform to your known ideas

acetylcholine

activates muscles

assimilation (development)

assimilating new ideas that do not agree with your own

When a child learns new information about the world that fits with her schema, it is called _______. When a child learns new information that requires her to change her schema, it is called _______.

assimilation; accommodation

temporal lobe

auditory perception

what are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

autonomic and somatic

in Plato's cave allegory, a prisoner was temporarily unchained and allowed to see the fire at the mouth of the cave. When he returned to the chains, the other prisoners _____

refused to believe him

What did Wilhelm Wundt do?

developed and opened the first psychology laboratory in 1879

dizygotic twins

fraternal twins

What "ism" argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?

functionalism

GABA

inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults, excititory in children

MRI scan

magnets are used to exaggerate atomic resonance, a machine detects the signals produced

preconventional morality

make decisions based on what is best for themselves, without regard for others' needs or feelings

frontal lobe

motor function, reasoning, memory, language, social behaviour

basal ganglia

nerves that coordinate learning and executing motor control, located above the spinal chord

postconventional morality

recognizing that social rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior