Psych Practice test

Which of the following substances causes the greatest damage to people and property in the United States?

Alcohol

Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory?

Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

Which of the following statements about deaf culture is false?

Deaf individuals believe children should receive a cochlear implant as soon as possible after birth.

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Cocaine is most properly classified as which of the following type of drugs?

amphetamine Amphetamine Stimulants

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

The Gestalt principle of perception known as __________ suggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines.

continuity smooth continuation continuation Continuity

In an experiment to study the effects of a new math training program on student test scores, the test score would be the _______________ variable.

dependent Dependent

According to Sigmund Freud, dreams are very often a means of

expressing internal conflicts and hidden wishes.

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

extinction

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

Which part of the eye holds eye color?

iris

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

John wants to train his daughter to excuse herself before she leaves the table. Although he does not know how often he will reward her for excusing herself, he does know that he will not reward her every time she excuses herself. Which reinforcement schedule is John planning to use?

partial

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Due to his sense of ________, Abraham knows he is cold when he is outside during a blizzard, and he knows he is hot after he comes inside and eats soup by the fire.

thermoception

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

top-down

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect?

He found that emotions can be a conditioned response.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________.

Merkel's theory

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

Which of the following statements about the vestibular sense is false?

The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition.