Psych quiz

requires more automatic processing than selective attention does

The difference between divided attention and selective attention is that divided attention

Semantic encoding

To help himself remember the name of his new colleague, Hope, Jose thinks about the meaning of her name—the feeling of hopefulness. Which of the following concepts best corresponds to Jose's strategy?

Elaborative encoding, because engaging in deeper processing improves memory.

When Gustavo goes through lists of inventory items and thinks about whether each one is a fruit or not, he remembers more of the items on those lists later than when he goes through lists of inventory items and does not think about what each item is. Which of the following concepts best explains Gustavo's performance?

Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

Steven studies a list of word pairs and is later given the first word of each pair and asked to recall the second word in the pair.

Which of the following scenarios involves using cued recall?

According to the model, memory processing occurs in three distinct stages: Sensory Memory, which lasts for a brief period and is the first stage; Short-Term Memory (STM); and Long-Term Memory (LTM), characterized by different time frames.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model of Memory?

Pseudo-Memories refer to memories that individuals believe are accurate and true, but research has shown that these recollections are not entirely accurate, despite the person's honest belief in their correctness.

Which statement best describes the concept of Pseudo-Memories?

Proactive Interference is a process where older memories interfere with the ability to recall newer memories, often making it easier to remember information learned previously rather than more recent learning.

Which statement best describes the phenomenon of Proactive Interference in memory?

Encoding Failure happens when a memory was never formed initially because the information was not perceived and attended to, leading to situations where information goes "in one ear and out the other."

Which statement best explains the concept of Encoding Failure in memory processing?

Retrograde Amnesia, indicating Jordan cannot remember events that happened before the accident, even though their ability to form new memories remains intact.

After a minor car accident, Jordan finds they can't recall any events from the week leading up to the incident, including an important family birthday party and several key work meetings. However, Jordan has no trouble remembering information learned after the accident. What condition best describes Jordan's memory loss?

Schemas

After visiting her professor's office, Rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. She correctly remembers many details, but she falsely remembers seeing books even though there were no books in the office. Additionally, she did not remember seeing a skull that was in the office. Which memory concept best explains why Rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?

Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.

Dr. Rudolph's class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?

Encoding Failure, because Alex was unable to form memories of the new relatives' names and facts in the first place, likely due to not perceiving and attending to the information amid the distractions.

During a busy and noisy family dinner, Alex is introduced to several distant relatives for the first time. Despite being told their names and a few interesting facts about each one, by the end of the night, Alex struggles to recall any of their names or the details shared. What best explains Alex's difficulty in remembering this information?

Asking them questions about the meaning of each word

Professor Belvedere wants to help her anatomy students memorize the names of different parts of the body. Which of the following techniques will best help her students?

Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.

When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word's meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?

The model posits that how long and how well we remember information depends on the depth with which the information is processed during encoding, without making a clear distinction between short-term and long-term memory.

Which of the following best describes Fergus Craik & Robert Lockhart's Levels-of-Processing Model?

The amygdala, cerebellum, and basal ganglia each play specific roles in memory processing: the amygdala in emotional reactions and aspects of declarative and episodic memory; the cerebellum in implicit memories and conditioned associations; and the basal ganglia in memory retrieval and procedural memories related to habits.

Which of the following best describes the distribution of memory functions in the brain according to the multiple memory systems perspective?

When people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of a sequence

Which of the following best describes the primacy effect?

Emma is telling her friend what she did over summer vacation when she discovers she cannot think of a specific word that she would like to say. She stops telling the story, because she has the distinct feeling that she is about to be able to think of the word if she waits just a moment.

Which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue effect?

Elizabeth Loftus

Which of the following psychologists is most strongly associated with research on false memories?