Psych quizzes 4-7
The fact that we have short-, medium-, and long-wavelength cones that each respond to lights of different colors is most supportive of the _______ theory of color vision. A. trichromatic B. binocular C. opponent-process D. receptive field
A. trichromatic
What can be concluded from developmental studies of children in daycare? A. Children in high-quality daycare tend to perform better academically. B.Children raised by their grandparents tend to show greater levels of secure attachment. C.There is little relationship between the quality of daycare and social or academic success. D. Children in low-quality daycare do not develop attachment styles.
A. Children in high-quality daycare tend to perform better academically.
A recessive allele, such as the allele for white flower color in pea plants, affects an individual's phenotype only when A. it is present on both chromosomes. B. both parents have one copy of the recessive allele. C. it is absent from both chromosomes. D. the individual inherits only one allele
A. it is present on both chromosomes.
A warm and nurturing home environment could affect the future of a baby with a family history of schizophrenia by A. reducing or eliminating controllable sources of stress. B. modeling "normal" behavior so he will not develop schizophrenia. C. teaching him that he is safe and secure, even when he is not. D. leaving him alone to teach him independence at a very early age.
A. reducing or eliminating controllable sources of stress
During an experiment in which participants press a button whenever they have the urge to do so, when would you expect their motor cortices to become active? A. A few hundred milliseconds before they press the button B. After they press the button C. Several minutes before they press the button D.Never, because the motor cortex does not become active for routine behaviors
A. A few hundred milliseconds before they press the button
Select the example that best illustrates the plasticity of the brain. A. A stroke patient recovers some abilities as the brain reorganizes itself and moves functions from the damaged location to a new one. B. A child learns to ride a bicycle at age eight, but her brother does not learn to ride until age eleven. C.An embryo that does not receive proper nutrition early in development experiences permanent neurological deficits. D. A child born with facial deformities and mental impairments consistently exhibits aggressive behavior.
A. A stroke patient recovers some abilities as the brain reorganizes itself and moves functions from the damaged location to a new one.
With which of the following do Lawrence Kohlberg's views on moral development agree most closely? A. Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development B. John Bowlby's findings on infant attachment C. Erik Erikson's theories on psychosocial development D. Harry Harlow's discoveries on the infant-caretaker bond
A. Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development
As we age, which type of sleep will eventually cease altogether? A. Slow-wave B. REM C. Stage 1 D. Stage 2
A. Slow-wave
What was Kohlberg most interested in when examining people's responses to the fictional story of Heinz stealing a drug for his ailing wife? A. The nature of their reasoning about their choice B. The number of times they asked about Heinz's age C. Whether they said it was okay for Heinz to steal the drug D. Whether or not they mentioned Heinz's wife when responding
A. The nature of their reasoning about their choice
Which sense is the least mature at birth? A. Vision B. Hearing C. Touch D. Taste
A. Vision
Psychologists and philosophers use the word qualia to refer to A. a person's specific, subjective perceptual experiences. B. a lack of understanding of how non-humans perceive the world. C. similarities between the easy and hard problems of consciousness. D. the objective differences between animal and human minds.
A. a person's specific, subjective perceptual experiences.
Without the _______ , you would not cycle through slow-wave sleep A. basal forebrain B. cerebellum C. reticular formation D. pons
A. basal forebrain
Your friend Tom lacks the ability to feel pain. Tom's condition is called A. congenital insensitivity to pain. B. sensory adaptation. C. congenital adrenal hyperplasia. D. sensory pain deficiency.
A. congenital insensitivity to pain.
A circadian rhythm is a A. cycle of sleeping and waking that occurs approximately every 24 hours. B. set of slow waves seen during stage 3 sleep. C. progressive decline in synchronous brain activity during sleep. D. cycle of hormone secretion that repeats every week.
A. cycle of sleeping and waking that occurs approximately every 24 hours.
If you are awake and concentrating on a task while an EEG machine is recording your brain activity, the EEG should record A. desynchronized, relatively high frequency activity. B. a large number of delta waves. C. synchronized, low-frequency activity. D. low-frequency, high-voltage spikes throughout your brain.
A. desynchronized, relatively high frequency activity.
An allele is _______ when it affects an individual's phenotype, regardless of what other allele the individual carries for that gene. A. dominant B. subdominant C. mediating D. recessive
A. dominant
Factors that affect how our genes are expressed are involved primarily in the scientific study of A. epigenetics. B. phylogenetics. C. psychoneuroimmunology. D. clinical psychology.
A. epigenetics.
When you eat a slice of pizza, your blissful experience, called _______, is the combined stimulation provided to taste receptors in the mouth and olfactory receptors in the nose. A. flavor B. smell C. taste D. gustation
A. flavor
All of the following are nucleotides that make up DNA except A. glutamine. B. adenine. C. cytosine. D. thymine
A. glutamine.
The social theory of hypnosis states that A. hypnosis is likely a function of a person accommodating the hypnotist. B. meditation and hypnosis are actually the same phenomenon. C. everyone is susceptible to hypnosis. D.most people who are hypnotized slip into an altered state of consciousness.
A. hypnosis is likely a function of a person accommodating the hypnotist.
Baby chicks born on a farm will often follow the human that they first see when they hatch. This is a result of _______, the innate process of learning to recognizing a parent. A. imprinting B. attachment C. stranger anxiety D. implicit learning
A. imprinting
According to the duplex theory, we use both _______ differences and _______ differences to localize sounds. A. intensity; latency B. latency; convergence C. intensity; conflict resolution D. latency; frequency
A. intensity; latency
If you could recall a dream from non-REM sleep it would likely be A. less vivid than an REM dream. B. full of latent content. C. more vivid than an REM dream. D. full of emotional content.
A. less vivid than an REM dream.
The olfactory system routes information directly to the _______ of the brain. A. olfactory bulb B. primary visual cortex C. lateral geniculate nucleus D. parietal cortex
A. olfactory bulb
The alpha rhythm is a pattern of brain waves that occurs during A. relaxed wakefulness. B. stage 2 sleep. C. stage 4 sleep. D. stage 3 sleep.
A. relaxed wakefulness.
Developing a sense of morality is one of the toughest challenges for adolescents because it A. requires higher-order thought processes and conflicting information. B. is a major step in letting go of the innocence of childhood. C. means going against many generally accepted behaviors. D.happens just as a child is preparing to leave home and become independent.
A. requires higher-order thought processes and conflicting information.
All of the following activities have been shown to prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease except A. resting the brain by avoiding complex cognitive tasks. B. regular participation in social activities. C. engaging in intellectual activities such as daily crossword puzzles. D. engaging daily in mild physical exercise.
A. resting the brain by avoiding complex cognitive tasks.
Electrical stimulation of the _______ will rouse a sleeping animal from its slumber A. reticular formation B. pons C. basal forebrain D. hypothalamus
A. reticular formation
The visual cliff is a method used by researchers to measure an infant's ability to A. see a steep drop under the clear surface on which they are crawling. B. see a shallow gulf between themselves and an experimenter. C. find an experimenter who is hidden behind a screen. D. recognize an image of a mountain that is shown on a computer screen.
A. see a steep drop under the clear surface on which they are crawling.
The observation that adolescent brains show thinning in the top region of the cortex is evidence of the neural developmental process called A. synapse rearrangement. B. cell death. C. myelination. D. differentiation.
A. synapse rearrangement.
A seven-year-old is typically better able to understand his friends' feelings than a three-year-old. In other words, a seven-year-old has acquired a A. theory of mind. B. personality. C. temperament. D. sense of identity.
A. theory of mind.
You do not act out your vivid dreams because A. your brain inhibits motor neurons, and you cannot move. B. you can only act out events that you have experienced before. C. your brain does not actually communicate with your body during sleep. D. your body is not actually experiencing the events of the dream.
A. your brain inhibits motor neurons, and you cannot move.
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates size constancy? A.As you approach a monument, you perceive that the monument remains the same size. B. You often misjudge how tall people are when you see them on television. C. In your mind, you generally remain the same size throughout your life. D.When riding in a car, you perceive close objects as remaining the same size but objects that are farther away as shrinking.
A.As you approach a monument, you perceive that the monument remains the same size.
Which of the following research questions is a psychophysicist likely to be most interested in asking? A.How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound? B. Which neurons relay information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex? C. What kinds of neurons relay information from the spinal cord to the muscles? D. How is perceptual information encoded and stored for later use by the brain?
A.How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?
Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time? A.Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain. B.Any vibration of the pipes interferes with the normal functioning of your free nerve endings. C. The juxtaposition of hot and cold metal scalds your skin. D.The free nerve endings in your hand cannot distinguish between hot and cold sensations.
A.Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain.
In psychology, the word "noise" is defined as A.the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus. B.a factor that is always manipulated in controlled psychophysical experiments. C. an unwanted sound. D. the misclassification of a hit or miss in a signal detection experiment.
A.the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus.
Next to each allele, a stretch of DNA contains instructions for A. re-shaping the allele. B. expression of the allele. C. duplication of the allele. D. deletion of the allele.
B. expression of the allele.
Based on the information in the table, which is a valid conclusion to make about Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A.In later stages of life, relationships with other people become less and less important. B. As people go through their lives, their social spheres tend to expand. C. Stagnation is inevitable once one's personal life goals have been achieved. D.As people go through their lives, their success becomes more and more dependent on the actions of others.
B. As people go through their lives, their social spheres tend to expand.
Which of the following describes the easy problem of consciousness? A. Assessing conscious experience through the verbalization of thoughts B. Connecting conscious experiences to different brain states C. Accounting for differences in people's subjective conscious experiences D. Subjectively separating conscious and unconscious experiences
B. Connecting conscious experiences to different brain states
Which is the most likely reason that Hester was the first of the Genain quadruplets to develop schizophrenic symptoms? A. She spent most of her time alone. B. She had the lowest birth weight of the quadruplets. C. Her genes were identical to her mother's. D. She had the highest birth weight of the quadruplets.
B. She had the lowest birth weight of the quadruplets
All of the following statements regarding gene-environment interactions is true except A. Genes determine whether an environmental factor will affect behavior. B. The environment has the same effect on behavior regardless of genes. C.Genes influence every human behavior, but no gene determines behavior. D. The environment determines whether a gene will affect behavior.
B. The environment has the same effect on behavior regardless of genes.
In older people, a decline in cognitive functioning as a result of damage or disease, rather than aging, is called A. myelination. B. dementia. C. presbyopia. D. Parkinson's disease.
B. dementia.
If you were an artist drawing a cityscape, you would apply the linear perspective depth cue by A. preserving the actual shape of each object while drawing it. B. drawing the streets converging with the edges of buildings at the horizon. C.making sure background objects are much larger than foreground objects. D. ensuring that foreground buildings occlude background objects.
B. drawing the streets converging with the edges of buildings at the horizon.
Stage 3 sleep is also called slow-wave sleep because the EEG A. will show short bursts of asynchronous activity. B. is defined by very low-frequency waves. C. is defined by very high-frequency waves. D. will show no coherent activity.
B. is defined by very low-frequency waves.
Occlusion is a _______ depth cue. A. proprioceptive B. monocular C. vestibular D. binocular
B. monocular
Psychologists describe consciousness as one's A. awareness of the presence of other people. B. perception of his or her own mental processes. C. perception of time and place. D. ability to differentiate between abstract and concrete.
B. perception of his or her own mental processes.
In a sense, phantom limb pain is a purely _______ phenomenon. A. sensory B. perceptual C. modality-general D. combat-specific
B. perceptual
When testing a split-brain patient, the key to accessing the information that the right hemisphere "sees" is having the participant A. point to an object with his or her right hand. B. point to an object with his or her left hand. C. nod toward the object with his or her head. D. relax until the words come out clearly.
B. point to an object with his or her left hand.
The classic theory about hypnosis being a uniquely altered state of consciousness is known as the _______ theory of hypnosis. A. social B. trance C. regression D. stage
B. trance
According to the process of natural selection, a mutation A. will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves survival, but not reproduction. B. will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves survival and reproduction. C. can never be fully incorporated into the genomes of future generations. D. will disappear from the genomes of future generations if it improves survival and reproduction.
B. will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves survival and reproduction.
Which of the following statements best captures the essence of experiments on free will, consciousness, and brain activity? A. Unconscious processes do not lead directly to human action. B.Conscious decisions are immediately preceded by activity in the motor cortex. C. A conscious urge to move initiates readiness potential in the motor cortex. D.Conscious decisions are immediately followed by activity in the motor cortex.
B.Conscious decisions are immediately preceded by activity in the motor cortex.
What conclusion is consistent with the results of twin studies of schizophrenia? A.Though monozygotic twins are more concordant for schizophrenia than dizygotic twins, genes account for only about 10 percent of the differences. B.Differences in genes account for about 50 percent of the differences between people, in cases of schizophrenia. C.Differences in genes account for about 27 percent of the differences between people, in cases of schizophrenia. D.Differences in dizygotic genes account for about 90 percent of the instances of schizophrenia among family members.
B.Differences in genes account for about 50 percent of the differences between people, in cases of schizophrenia.
How does the figure illustrate the concept of a sensory threshold? A.A stimulus that is strong enough to cause a sensory receptor to fire will not cause the sensory receptor to reach threshold. B.If the stimulus is weak enough, the sensory receptor will not reach threshold and will not produce an action potential. C. Sensory thresholds and sensory codes are essentially the same concept. D. Stimulus strength is the only sensory modality that affects sensory thresholds.
B.If the stimulus is weak enough, the sensory receptor will not reach threshold and will not produce an action potential.
Contrast neurogenesis with differentiation. A.In neurogenesis, neurons begin to form; in differentiation, unneeded neurons die off. B.In neurogenesis, neurons begin to form; in differentiation, neurons become specialized. C.In neurogenesis, new synapses form; in differentiation, unneeded synapses dissolve. D.In neurogenesis, neurons become specialized; in differentiation, neurons reach their proper destination.
B.In neurogenesis, neurons begin to form; in differentiation, neurons become specialized.
Which of the following shows Piaget's stages of development in the correct order? A.Formal operational → concrete operational → preoperational → sensorimotor B.Sensorimotor → preoperational → concrete operational → formal operational C.Concrete operational → formal operational → preoperational → sensorimotor D.Preoperational → concrete operational → sensorimotor → formal operational
B.Sensorimotor → preoperational → concrete operational → formal operational
The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that A.monocular cues require information from both eyes, while binocular cues do not. B.binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not. C.binocular cues are used mostly for Gestalt perception, while monocular cues are used for motion. D. monocular cues are generally more complex than binocular cues.
B.binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.
One of the best methods of determining the influence of confounding variables on the heritability of human traits is to conduct a A. cross-sectional study. B. case study. C. study of identical twins. D. study of fraternal twins.
C. study of identical twins
Jessica's parents are devout Christians, but she identifies more with agnostic views. When asked about her views on religion, however, she is tentative and reluctant to discuss the issue. Based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Jessica is about what age? A. 45 B. 28 C. 17 D. 12
C. 17
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, which of the following people would be the most likely to suffer from colorblindness? A. Rod, who has all of his cones intact and functioning normally B. Angel, whose short-wavelength cones have exceptional sensitivity C. Cornell, whose long-wavelength cones lack sensitivity D. Steve, who has fewer rods than most people
C. Cornell, whose long-wavelength cones lack sensitivity
Which term refers to specific lengths of DNA that carry information needed to make the proteins that are required for proper bodily functioning? A. RNA B. Amino acids C. Genes D. Ribosomes
C. Genes
Which of the following is true regarding normal neuronal cell death? A. We form just over half of our neurons before we are born. B. Neurons normally continue to die until adolescence. C. Nearly half of the neurons that develop prenatally die before we are born. D.Loss of neurons indicates that something in the aging process has gone wrong.
C. Nearly half of the neurons that develop prenatally die before we are born.
What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised the "strange situation" experiment? A. The impact of teratogens on prenatal development B. The extent of nonverbal communication between mothers and babies C. The nature of infants' attachment to their mothers D. The stages in which cognitive development unfolds in children
C. The nature of infants' attachment to their mothers
Neuropathic pain is caused by A. regeneration of nociceptors in the stump of a missing limb. B. damage to the myelin sheath of spinal neurons. C. a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system. D. drugs that are designed to silence parts of the nervous system.
C. a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system.
Scientists estimate that the heritability of depression is around 37 percent. This suggests that A. 37 percent of people who carry a gene for depression will develop depression at some point in their lives. B. genes explain 37 percent of people with depression, while environmental influences explain the other 63 percent. C. about 37 percent of the variability in depression in the population is due to the variability in the genes in the population. D. about 37 percent of depressed people in the population have expressed a gene carried by everyone in the population.
C. about 37 percent of the variability in depression in the population is due to the variability in the genes in the population.
Genes with slightly different instructions for making the same protein are called A. recessives. B. nucleotides. C. alleles. D. mitochondria.
C. alleles.
Most stages of brain development are completed before A. puberty. B. age five. C. birth. D. young adulthood.
C. birth.
The rod-shaped cellular structures that contain human DNA are called A. ribosomes. B. lipids. C. chromosomes. D. mitochondria.
C. chromosomes.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates our A. ability to recall our dreams. B. conscious awareness of emotions. C. circadian rhythm. D. conscious awareness of hunger.
C. circadian rhythm.
When a split-brain patient tries to describe in words why her left hand selected a stimulus card corresponding to an image presented in her left visual field, she engages in _______ to have her unconscious recognition make sense. A. brain self-stimulation B. hypnosis C. confabulation D. retrieval
C. confabulation
Kohlberg described the type of moral reasoning used by most adults as A. postconventional. B. preconventional. C. conventional. D. unconventional
C. conventional.
Hypnosis can be effective in reducing pain, if the hypnotist trains the patient to A. deny that he or she is aware of the painful stimulus. B. distract from all bodily sensations with the use of a mantra. C. disconnect from the unpleasant emotions attached to the pain. D. induce a loss of consciousness to block out the pain.
C. disconnect from the unpleasant emotions attached to the pain.
One problem that sufferers of _______ face is _______, a disorder in which people seem to be unaware of when they actually are asleep. A. narcolepsy; sleep-state misperception B. insomnia; REM behavior disorder C. insomnia; sleep-state misperception D. narcolepsy; fatal familial insomnia
C. insomnia; sleep-state misperception
Before scientists fully understood the cause of PKU, infants with the disorder often developed A. somatosensory hallucinations. B. colorblindness. C. mental impairment. D. early-onset schizophrenia.
C. mental impairment.
The _______ at one end of the cochlea is sensitive to the vibrations of the bones of the middle ear. A. pinna B. stapes C. oval window D. central canal
C. oval window
Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are specialized to sense A. motion. B. vibration. C. pain. D. temperature changes.
C. pain.
Gene expression is fundamentally linked to experience because A. experiences are dictated by the type of genes expressed at any given time. B. motor stimulation is a form of gene expression. C. sensory experience from behavior affects gene expression in many neurons. D.an individual phenotype must be present in sensory experience to alter gene function.
C. sensory experience from behavior affects gene expression in many neurons.
You volunteer for a sleep study and the researchers discover that your blood oxygen level drops many times during the night. It is likely that you have A. narcolepsy. B. REM behavior disorder. C. sleep apnea. D. sleep-onset insomnia.
C. sleep apnea.
How do genes control the creation of proteins in the cell? A.Chromosomes carry the genes that specify how proteins can be strung together to form amino acids. B.Genes on chromosomes include small particles that regulate how proteins enter and exit the cell. C.Genes on chromosomes specify which amino acids will be joined together, in order, to make each particular protein. D. Genes provide the cell with the energy that it needs to make proteins.
C.Genes on chromosomes specify which amino acids will be joined together, in order, to make each particular protein.
In which of the following scenarios would signal detection be most difficult because of ambient noise? A. Feeling a tap on your shoulder while moving through a noisy crowd B. Hearing the doorbell ring while waiting anxiously for guests to arrive C.Noticing the text-alert sound from the cell phone in your pocket while you walk throughout the supermarket D.Enjoying your favorite song on the train while using noise-canceling headphones
C.Noticing the text-alert sound from the cell phone in your pocket while you walk throughout the supermarket
What does this figure demonstrate? A. Objects on our right side are processed by the right eye only. B.The right visual cortex receives information about what we see in the right half of the visual field. C.The left visual cortex receives information about what we see in the right half of the visual field. D. Objects on our right side are processed by the left eye only.
C.The left visual cortex receives information about what we see in the right half of the visual field.
Harmful dominant alleles, like those for the huntingtin gene, are not common because in most cases A. the brain does not make very many of them. B. the carrier can only pass on the allele to another dominant carrier. C.the carrier does not survive long enough to pass on the allele via reproduction. D. the body tends to suppress the action of dominant genes until adulthood.
C.the carrier does not survive long enough to pass on the allele via reproduction.
The cochlea relays information to the brain about sound when A. Meissner's corpuscles are stimulated. B. free nerve endings in the cochlea are stimulated. C.vibrations in the cochlea bend the hairs of the hair cells, producing an action potential in a neuron underneath the hair cells. D. sound molecules chemically interact with the hair cells.
C.vibrations in the cochlea bend the hairs of the hair cells,
According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis about dreaming, the content of dreams results from A. whatever events you experienced just before bed. B.a specific pattern of activity that emerges the same way from the brainstem every night. C.your brain attempting to make meaning out of random bursts of neural activity. D. unconscious thoughts and feelings.
C.your brain attempting to make meaning out of random bursts of neural activity.
Which of the following are subunits of proteins? A. Ribosomes B. Genes C. Nucleotides D. Amino acids
D. Amino acids
Which of the following people is likely to experience the most serious case of jet lag? A. Marie, who drove for 12 hours from Pittsburgh to Boston B. Michelle, who flew for six hours from New York to Los Angeles C.Jessica, who flew for two hours from Washington, D.C., to Boston after her flight was delayed for three hours on the runway D. Brett, who flew for six hours from San Francisco to Boston
D. Brett, who flew for six hours from San Francisco to Boston
Which of the following conditions affects the appearance of the child's face and causes significant damage to the developing brain? A. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder B. Autism spectrum disorder C. Asperger's syndrome D. Fetal alcohol syndrome
D. Fetal alcohol syndrome
_______ intelligence is the ability to reason abstractly and solve novel problems, and _______ intelligence is the accumulation of facts, experience, and historical references. A. Crystallized; fluid B. Creative; adaptive C. Adaptive; creative D. Fluid; crystallized
D. Fluid; crystallized
Which conclusion about sleep is most consistent with the data shown? A. We spend the majority of our sleep hours in stage 3 sleep. B. Our brains are generally very active during all stages of sleep. C. It is easiest to rouse someone from stage 4 sleep. D. It is normal to experience about five bouts of REM sleep during the night.
D. It is normal to experience about five bouts of REM sleep during the night.
Based on other epigenetic studies, which of the following findings would you expect from a study of dogs that were raised by adoptive mothers? A. Their behavior would most closely mimic that of the person or people to whom they bonded. B. Their behavior would be similar to that of their biological littermates that were raised by their biological mothers. C. Behavior would be unique to each dog, depending on specific genetic makeup. D. Their behavior would be similar to that of other dogs that were raised by the same adoptive mothers.
D. Their behavior would be similar to that of other dogs that were raised by the same adoptive mothers.
The depth cue of motion parallax accounts for the fact that while you are moving forward, you will perceive the A. smallest objects as moving fastest and in the same direction. B. largest objects as moving slowest and in the opposite direction. C. farthest objects as moving fastest and in the same direction. D. closest objects as moving fastest and in the opposite direction
D. closest objects as moving fastest and in the opposite direction
The Stanford hypnotic susceptibility test is used to A. gauge whether or not you will believe that a stage hypnotist is real. B. measure the effectiveness of hypnosis in occupational therapy. C. assess the ethical standards of hypnotherapy. D. estimate whether or not you will follow hypnotic suggestions.
D. estimate whether or not you will follow hypnotic suggestions.
In philosophical terms, free will is essentially the opposite of A. choice. B. initiative. C. decision-making. D. fate
D. fate
Variations in eye color are the result of alleles that differ in terms of A. what pigment they make. B. how much of a particular receptor will be expressed in the retina. C.how expression of the allele affects the ability of the iris to change when it encounters light. D. how much pigment they make.
D. how much pigment they make.
Weber's fraction expresses the _______ as a proportion of the original stimulus. A. response magnitude B. absolute threshold C. stimulus intensity D. just noticeable difference (JND)
D. just noticeable difference (JND)
An absolute threshold is the A. ability to detect stimuli of all intensities. B. degree to which a stimulus is mapped to a given response. C.lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect 100 percent of the time. D. lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time.
D. lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time.
The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease are typically littered with clumps of dead and dying neurons, called A. acetylcholine. B. ApoE. C. neurotransmitters. D. neuritic plaques.
D. neuritic plaques.
Rats whose mothers were attentive and licked them more frequently as pups tend to A. produce more stress hormone as adults. B. show some signs of embarrassment as pups. C. show heightened response to stress as pups. D. produce less stress hormone as adults.
D. produce less stress hormone as adults.
Your roommate wakes up and reports that she was dreaming about a large insect chasing her around your dorm room. She was likely in _______ sleep. A. slow-wave B. stage 3 C. stage 2 D. rapid eye movement (REM)
D. rapid eye movement (REM)
The key aspect of the hard problem of consciousness is the _______ of each individual's conscious experience. A. validity B. objectivity C. reliability D. subjectivity
D. subjectivity
The delta waves seen in the EEG when someone is in stage 3 sleep can be likened to A. a room full of chattering parrots. B. a busy parking lot with cars moving in different directions. C. the slow flow of water out of a tap. D. the slow movement of "the wave" around a stadium.
D. the slow movement of "the wave" around a stadium.
Researchers can tell if an infant prefers a visual stimulus, such as a face, to another stimulus by A. asking the infant's mother to read the child's facial expression. B. counting how many seconds it takes for the infant to smile at each one. C. observing the infant's crawling behavior. D. tracking how long an infant looks at each stimulus.
D. tracking how long an infant looks at each stimulus.
The Gestalt rules of perception seek to explain the ways in which A. visual sensations differ across individuals. B. visual preferences are defined. C. vision increases perceptual speed. D. vision organizes images.
D. vision organizes images.
Which statement is most consistent with the concept of heritability of alcoholism? A. Alcoholism can run in families, but only when it is left untreated. B. Any person with alcoholism in his or her family is likely to inherit the condition. C. Alcoholism is not heritable; it is the result of environmental influence early in life. D.Alcoholism is heritable, but this does not mean that a person with alcoholism in his or her family is destined to also have the condition.
D.Alcoholism is heritable, but this does not mean that a person with alcoholism in his or her family is destined to also have the condition.
Which statement best captures the concept of a sensitive period? A. A parent should be patient with a child who is learning to read. B.Children under age five are overly sensitive to criticism by their parents and should not be scolded. C. Events that take place early in life have little effect on development. D.Some abilities, such as 3-D vision, will not develop if a child does not have proper sensory input early in life.
D.Some abilities, such as 3-D vision, will not develop if a child does not have proper sensory input early in life.
Estimates of the heritability of risk-taking, parental warmth, and openness are between 38 and 57 percent. This implies that A. experience accounts for the majority of the variation in those traits. B. most of the behaviors we present are caused by our genes. C.it is not possible to measure how much of the variation in those traits is due to the environment. D.genes account for some of the variation in those traits, but experience is also important.
D.genes account for some of the variation in those traits, but experience is also important.
