Psych Quizzes (test 3)

intuition

A(n) _____is an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought.

blinking to the tone

According to the simulation, the 'conditioned link' is:

blinking to the air puff.

According to the simulation, the 'unconditioned link' is:

positive reinforcement

Add a desirable stimulus

positive punishment

Administer an aversive stimulus.

Extinction

Ali was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. What is Ali displaying?

stimulus generalization.

Amy has been conditioned to blink using air puffs and a 1000 MHz tone. The experimenter finds that the conditioned response also occurs for 750 MHz tones, 850 MHz tones, 1250 MHz tones and 1500 MHz tones. This is an example of:

operant conditioning.

Animals can be taught to not do things, such as digging in the yard, using:

category

As cognitive psychologists define it, a concept is a(n):

is controlled by consequences.

B.F. Skinner believed that behavior:

the conditioned stimulus.

Bella developed a phobia of clowns after she experienced a scary thunderstorm in a room with clown wallpaper as a child. In Bella's case the clown wallpaper served as:

shaping

Circus animals are taught to perform elaborate tricks through the use of:

conditioned stimuli; classical

Dayton's Narcotics Anonymous sponsor advises him to avoid the people, places, and things associated with his drug use. These people, places, and things are BEST viewed as _____within the framework of _____ conditioning.

positive reinforcer.

Deedra gives her dog a treat every time he urinates outside. In this example, the treat is a:

conditioned

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a _____reinforcer.

shaping

In essence, rewarding children for behavior that progressively leads to toilet training is a form of:

reinforcer

In operant conditioning, a behavior is followed by a stimulus called a(n):

reinforcer

In operant conditioning, when a behavior is followed by a stimulus that increases that behavior, the stimulus is called a(n):

both timing and consistency of the reinforcement

In order for shaping to be successful, it is important to consider:

unconditioned stimulus.

In the simulation for this lab, the air puff that caused the eye blink was called the:

conditioned stimulus.

In the simulation for this lab, the tone that caused the eye blink was called the:

unconditioned response.

In the simulation for this lab, when the participants responded to the air puff by blinking, that was the:

conditioned response.

In the simulation for this lab, when the participants responded to the tone by blinking, that was the:

blinking occurred less than 500ms after the air puff.

In the simulation, conditioning can be said to have occurred (the area in the green box on the Early Conditioned Response Graph) when:

shaping

In this activity, _____ was used to train a dog to jump through a hoop.

salivation

Pavlov was conducting research on _____ before he started researching associations.

dogs would salivate before the meat powder was presented.

Pavlov was inspired to look into associations when he noticed that:

negative punisher.

Preston came home after his curfew. His parents grounded him for a week, taking away his phone and not allowing him to go anywhere after school. In this example, the act of grounding is a:

negitave reinforcement

Remove an aversive stimulus

fixed-ratio

With a _____ schedule of reinforcement, the reinforcer is given after a set number of responses.

continuous

With a _____ schedule of reinforcement, the reinforcer is given after every instance of a desired behavior.

negative punishment

Withdraw a rewarding stimulus.

Classical conditioning

_____ can be used to elicit a response to a stimulus to which that response is not typical.

shaping

_____ is the process of creating a new behavior by gradual reinforcement, starting with an existing behavior and then reinforcing behaviors that get progressively closer to the desired behavior.

B.F. Skinner

Who is credited for the identification of operant conditioning?

a heuristic

"When you have trouble in a class, try outlining the book in your own words." What is this general rule of thumb for solving a common academic problem called?

positive reinforcer

A _____ is a stimulus following a behavior that provides a positive reward for a behavior.

negative reinforcer

A _____ is a stimulus following a behavior that removes something that is unpleasant.

variable-ratio

A _____ reinforcement schedule gives the reinforcer after a varying number of responses.

positive reinforcer

A _____ reinforcement schedule gives the reinforcer for the first response that occurs after a varying period of time has elapsed.

the ding sound

Every time Stacey puts the keys in her car's ignition the car begins to make a ding sound until she buckles her seat belt. What is the reinforcer?

the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Extinction occurs when:

classical

Five-year-old Arianna is frightened by the noise thunder makes. Arianna associates lightning with thunder because lightning always precedes thunder. Thus, when Arianna sees lightning, she often cries in anticipation that she will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of _____conditioning.

be repeated.

If a behavior is followed by a reinforcer, then the behavior will likely:

physiologist

Ivan Pavlov was a(n):

the treat

Jane is training her dog to use the bathroom outside. Each time her dog uses the bathroom outside, Jane gives her dog a treat. What is the reinforcer?

negative reinforcer

Jennifer has a sunburn and applies ointment cream for relief. In this example the ointment cream is a:

spontaneous recovery.

Jessie was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. When Jessie returns to the lab the next day she blinks when she hears the tone. This is referred to as:

negative reinforcer.

Juan and his friends have been camping. Juan was bitten by a mosquito and the sting itches badly, so Juan scratches it. In this example, the scratching serves as a:

shaping

Juan is trying to train his dog to roll over. He rewards his dog for laying down on her stomach and then for rolling on her back. Juan is using _____ to train his dog.

continuous

Learning occurs rapidly with a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

latent learning

Learning that is NOT immediately demonstrated in overt behavior is called:

partial reinforcement

Learning that occurs due to _____ extinguishes slowly.

positive reinforcer.

Margaret gives her teenagers five dollars for each grade of an A on their report card. This monetary stimulus is a:

negative reinforcer.

Markus has put off doing his homework so that he can play video games. His mother starts nagging him to do his homework. Markus turns off the video game and does his homework to stop his mother from nagging. In this example, the nagging is a:

faster relearning.

Max was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. When Max returns to the lab and the experiment pairs the air puff with the tone again she will likely observe:

extrinsic

Money is to _____reward as enjoyment of an activity is to intrinsic reward.

fixation

One major impediment to problem solving is _____, which is the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.

operant conditioning.

Shaping is based on the principles of:

convergent thinking

Solving an algebra problem exemplifies _____because there is generally one right answer to such a problem.

positive reinforcers

Stacey is a waitress who is paid mostly on customer tips. However, Stacey only receives a tip if she performs her job well. In this example, the customer tips are:

shaping

Students learn to raise their hand during class if they have a question. They likely learned this through the process of:

the cookie

Tammy is potty training her two-year-old daughter. Every time her daughter sits on the potty, Tammy gives her one cookie. What is the reinforcer?

they are opposites

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

negative reinforcer

Which type of stimulus following a behavior removes something that is unpleasant?

is likely to be repeated.

The expected outcome when a behavior is followed by a reinforcer is that the behavior:

Albert Bandura; observational learning

The famous Bobo doll research was conducted by _____and showed the power of _____.

Ivan Pavlov

The first person to do careful scientific studies of learning was:

modeling

The process of learning and imitating behavior is called _____.

confirmation bias

The tendency to search for information that supports one's preconceptions is called:

stimulus discrimination.

Tim has been conditioned to blink using air puffs and a 700 MHz tone. The experimenter finds that the conditioned response also occurs for 750 MHz tones and 650 MHz tones but not for 1250 MHz tones or 500 MHz tones. Tim is displaying:

positive

To reduce the disruptive behavior of some children, a teacher might slap the desk with a ruler to startle them. The sound of the slap is a(n) _____punishment.

fixed-interval

When a reinforcer is given for the first response that occurs after a set period of time has elapsed, which reinforcement schedule is being used?

extinction will occur

When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus:

cognitive learning—observational learning

Which choice correctly pairs a type of learning or conditioning with a closely related concept?

B.F. Skinner

Who developed operant conditioning?