psych states of consciousness test

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild memory hallucinations, followed by memory loss

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

LSD

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation-synthesis theory

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of

addiction

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called:

age regression

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

agre regression

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience

an increase in rem sleep

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as a(n)

antagonist

Sleeptaking may occur during

any stage of sleep

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n)

barbiturate

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

barbiturates

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context requires an integrated _________ approach.

biopsychosocial

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperature begins to drop. This illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm

Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that

conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

decreasing rem sleep

One of the deadly effects of Ecstasy is

dehydration

People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

dissociation

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

dissociation

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

Adolescents are most likely to start smoking in order to

gain social acceptance

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics make a difference on how much sleep we need and get

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

it is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

According to freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

its underlying but censored meaning

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drug without professional treatment

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

marijuana

The best indication that dreaming serves as a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that

most mammals experience rem rebound

The lack of the neurotransmitters orexin has been linked to which of the following?

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Research indicted that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep?

people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

physical dependence

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

posthypnotic suggestion

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive drugs

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has:

reduced his self-awareness

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

rem sleep

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly accept that they can be hypnotized

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

the participant would was caught up in playing the role of the "good hypnotic subject" and ignored the pain

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

they exit neural activity and arouse body functions

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of

user expectations

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

wake Margie after 5 minutes of rem sleep and ask her what she's dreaming