psych study guide 2

Which area indicated on the graphic contains part of Broca's area?

10

Which area indicated on the graphic is associated with personality, planning, and problem solving

10

.Which areas indicated on the graphic is involved in pressure and pain awareness?

16 and 17

You are studying in your room, and your neighbor is listening to the news on television at a loud volume in the adjacent room. When you gently request your neighbor to turn the volume down until you cannot hear it, you are asking your neighbor to make the volume less than your

Absolute Threshold

.Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable feelings. Which of the following drugs did he most likely take?

Amphetamine

https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg The ________________is involved in emotional awareness, discrimination of objects necessary for survival, and intense feelings. It is indicated by _________________ (number) on the graphic.

Amygdala, 1

________ is a state of being conscious of what is going on, whereas ________ is a physiological state of being engaged with the environment.

Awareness; arousal

Arnold Becker, a doctor in Seattle, needs information about the location and extent of damage involving stroke and loss of memory of his patient, Judith. Which of the following techniques will he most likely use to diagnose Judith's condition?

Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?

It does not cause lung cancer.

In the context of the chemical senses, which of the following is true of the neural pathway of smell?

It first goes to the olfactory areas in the temporal lobe

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched (neurotransmitter-mental disorder)?

Low levels of dopamine—Parkinson disease

________ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. ________ involve sudden arousal from sleep and an intense physiological fear reaction (e.g., screaming, heavy breathing, and perspiration).

Nightmares; Night Terrors

Lukas is anesthetized before a surgery. In the context of the levels of awareness, which of the following levels best illustrates Lukas's state?

No awareness

________ are a class of drugs that act on the brain's endorphin receptors.

Opioids

________ drug dependence is the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and a craving for the drug when it is discontinued, whereas ________ drug dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons.

Physical dependence; Psychological dependence

Which part of an eye usually acts like the aperture of a camera, opening and closing depending on the amount of light required to enter the eye?

Pupil

Which of the following explains the ability of an animal to distinguish among sight, sound, odor, taste, and touch?

Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways.

A door is still perceived as a rectangle even after we view it from different angles. This is due to

Shape consistency

In the context of sensory receptors, chemoreception most likely occurs when a person

Smells a Rose

________ is characterized by theta waves, whereas ________ is/are characterized by delta waves.

Stage 1 sleep/stage 3; stage 4 sleep

The factor that differentiates top-down processing from bottom-up processing is that, top-down processing

Starts with cognitive processing in the brain.

When typing text messages, Juan usually leaves out the vowels in commonly used words. For example, he types "thn" instead of "then." The receiver is generally able to make sense of Juan's message. Which of the following principles most likely comes into play in this scenario?

The Gestalt Principle of Closure

In the context of the structure of the ear, identify a true statement about hair cells.

They are sensory receptors of the ear

Which of the following is a true statement about dendrites?

They are treelike fibers projecting from a neuron.

Linda usually listens to music on her iPod while studying. When the volume is initially low, raising it by five decibels is highly noticeable. However, when the volume is initially high, increasing it by five decibels does not result in a noticeable change in sound. This phenomenon is best explained by

Weber's law

You are listening to a lecture. Then the bell rings in the hallway. In order to hear this stimulus, ________ nerves must carry electrochemical messages from your ears to your brain.

afferent neurons

Which of the following is one of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

arouses body and expends energy. flight or fight response

The ability to type a text message on a cell phone without even looking at the keypad is an example of

automatic processing

The most widely used stimulants in the world are ________ and ________.

caffeine / nicotine

https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg The _____________________ controls motor coordination and integrates muscular activities. It is indicated by ________________ (number) on the graphic.

cerebellum; 4

Jane is having trouble sleeping. As she sits on her bed looking around the dark room, she notices that her peripheral vision seems to be better than her central vision. This is because vision in low light conditions

depends on the rods

.In the visual system, the main function of rods and cones is to

help with vision

Hannah, a call center employee working in day shift, has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. Which of the following can best explain her behavior?

her circadian rhythm has become desynchronized

.https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg If the _________________________ is damaged or growth is stunted, it will affect memory. It is indicated by ____________________ on the graphic.

hippocampus 2

https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg The _________________________ influences feelings, temperature, reward (including pleasure) and other regulatory processes. I is indicated by ________________ (number) on the graphic

hypothalamus; 7

Emma enters her college auditorium that is almost packed to capacity and tries to find an empty seat. She fails to notice her friend waving to her in the crowd. This scenario most likely illustrates

inattentional blindness

It is the end of the month and Cindy is yet to pay several bills, but she does not have much money left. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. Cindy is demonstrating

incubation

Oliver, a student, is preparing to take an exam. He is stressed about the exam and is unable to fall asleep. Even if he falls asleep, he often wakes up during the night or wakes up too early. In this scenario, which of the following disorders is the cause of Oliver's condition?

insomnia

The ________ senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation, whereas the ________ senses provide information about balance and movement.

kinesthetic; vestibular

Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for an exam is likely to

lower memory retention

.https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg The ______________________ controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing. It is indicated by ____________________ (number) on the graphic.

medulla (brainstem?) 5

https://ibb.co/N2SNFBN The _______________________ processes information about voluntary movement. It is indicated by ______________ (number) on the graphic.

motor cortex; 18

Which of the following statements is true about the semicircular canals of the inner ear?

movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals bonds hair cell stereo cilia by pushing on a gelatinous cupola covering the hair cells

. ________ is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of love and social

oxytocin

The sensory receptors for taste called taste buds are located in the

papillae

After taking her English final, Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating. She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates, as well as her muscular tension. In this scenario, her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her ________ nervous system.

parasympathetic

Depressants ________, whereas stimulants ________.

slow down central nervous system's activity; increase central nervous system's activity.

https://ibb.co/MpKP1Dg The ______________________ serves as a relay station for the brain and is indicated by ______________ (number) in the graphic.

thalamus, 8

Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good?

they increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways