psych test #2

During complex and demanding tasks, teens ________________. A. distribute the workload evenly throughout the brain B. overload their frontal lobes C. distribute the workload evenly between abducens nucleus and globose nucleus D. overload their flocculonodular lobe

B

teratogen is: A. a brain region responsible for the ability to speak. B. any substance that disrupts normal prenatal development. C. a weak brain synapse that disappears at around age six. D. a vital nutrient that helps a fetus develop properly.

B

When do people respond easily to hypnosis? A. When they are fully conscious. B. When their critical faculties of mind are in control. C. When they are relaxed. D. When they have voluntary control over their own behavior.

C

The process by which the muscles control the shape of the lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances is known as _______.

accomodation

Light enters the eye at the _______.

cornea

According to the ________ theory of pain, acupuncture should successfully alleviate pain.

gate control

Which among the following is the clearest marker of reaching adulthood? Animistic thinking Having a child Symbolic thinking Graduating

having a child

During the development of a fetus, the ___________ develops about a week after the brain.

heart

In signal detection, one of the possible outcomes is a ___which is correctly detecting a stimulus that is there

hit

According to Erik Erikson, a(n) _____________ is an opportunity for adaptive or maladaptive adjustment.

identity crisis

Young brains are more flexible because they have less __________.

myelin

Nathan's uncle asks him whether Chihuahua is to dog as flamingo is to bird. Which of the following statements is true about this scenario? A. This is an example of a problem for which Nathan requires crystallized intelligence. B. This problem can be answered by Nathan using raw mental ability and abstract reasoning. C. Neither culture nor vocabulary influence Nathan's ability to answer this problem. D. Nathan's ability to answer this problem does not depend on his learning and education

A

Kohlberg (1981) developed the "Heinz Dilemma" to assess ___________. A. the development of moral reasoning in children B. the physical development of children less than 5 years of age C. the cognitive ability of children D. the development of linguistic ability in children

A

What did research by neuroscientist Amir Raz and colleagues reveal? Highly hypnotizable people had less activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning Highly hypnotizable people had more activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning Less hypnotizable people were able to suppress the Stroop effect Both the highly hypnotizable and less hypnotizable people could remain resistant and show the same activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning

A

When does sleepwalking usually occur? During non-REM sleep During REM sleep While hallucinating During increased activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Which of the following is NOT a component of the test that reveals the degree of coma? Emotional responsiveness Verbal responsiveness Motor responsiveness The degree of eye opening

A

Which of the following is true about integrity in of the context of Erik Erikson's theory of personality development? A. Integrity is the sense that all of one's life decisions are coming together. B. Integrity is being informed and knowledgeable about life. C. Integrity is the creation of new ideas, products, or people. D. Integrity is the ability to fuse one's identity with another's without the fear of losing it

A

Which of the following is true of the papillae at the center of the human tongue? -They contain no taste cells and therefore can taste nothing. -They are responsible for processing sweet taste. -They are responsible for processing sour taste. -They are responsible for processing umami

A

_____ is an unpleasant side effect that alcohol withdrawal creates for an alcoholic. Leptokurtic reaction Circadian dysrhythmia Excessive sleepiness Delirium tremens

D

When a blood vessel that serves the brain is blocked, the brain tissue served by that vessel does not receive the oxygen and nutrients it needs, and so the tissue dies. This is referred to as _____________.

a stroke

The anterior cingulate will show the strongest activity when _____________.

exposed to violence in video games

Which of the following can be best described as a condition that results from habitual use or physical and psychological dependence on a substance? Hallucinations Addiction Stroop effect Hypnosis

addiction

Christopher is looking at a lighted sign on which a rapid succession of a row of lit bulbs appears as a "moving" arrow pointing toward a store. This visual effect is called _______.

apparent motion

The pinnae collect and funnel sounds into a passage known as the _______.

auditory canal

The monitoring of information from the environment and from one's own thoughts is termed as: intelligence. awareness. wakefulness. memory.

awareness

The point at which the optic nerve exits the eye is the ________ of the retina

blind spot

The key event that distinguishes the embryonic stage from the third stage, the fetal stage, is the formation of the ___________.

bone cells

The ___________ takes the longest amount of time to develop.

central nervous system

The Gestalt law of ________ occurs when we perceive a whole object in the absence of complete information.

closure

According to Piaget, in the ______________ stage of cognitive development, logic is limited to what a child can directly observe.

concrete operational

Knowledge that one has gained from experience and learning, education, and practice, is called ______________ intelligence. amorphous crystallized alternative fluid

crystallized

_______ in the visual cortex analyze the retinal image and respond to specific aspects of shapes, such as angles and movements.

feature detectors

Which of the following statements is true regarding fetal vision?

fetuses do not open their eyes when in the womb

If Gary is a binge drinker, it means that he can have at least ________ drinks in a row. two three four five

five

Becky, who is pregnant, will most likely feel the fetus moving for the first time at about ____________ after conception.

four to six months

We see images with the greatest clarity when they are focused on the _______.

fovea

Complete the following analogy: Vision is to photoreceptors as sound is to _______.

hair cells

Which of the following conditions is a predominant feature of amphetamine psychosis? Hallucination Nausea Hypersomnia Narcolepsy

hallucination

Which of the following are sets of bones from the middle ear that vibrate and amplify sound waves from the tympanic membrane?

hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Nate is farsighted. Which of the following happens to visual images focused on his retina?

images focus behind the retina

___happens when objects closer to the viewer often overlap with those farther away

interposition

Which of the following is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

lack of conservation is one of the features of this stage

As compared to nonmusicians, musicians have _________.

larger cerebellums

A cluster of the neuron cell bodies in the thalamus form the ______.

lateral geniculate nucleus

Most developmental psychologists place ______ between the ages of 40 and 60 or 65. A. middle adulthood B. late adulthood C. emerging adulthood D. early adulthood

middle adulthood

Although much brain development has happened by the time of emerging adulthood, the brain continues to change and grow. The prefrontal cortex continues to develop and fibers there are increasingly _____________, which facilitates neural communication. rewired migrated myelinated pruned

myelinated

Some evidence suggests that ______________ might offset or even prevent the kind of neural degeneration seen in Alzheimer's and other age-related brain disorders.

neurogenesis

Which of the following is most likely to increase the risk of stillbirth?

nicotine exposure from maternal smoking

Pain from skin damage is called _______.

nociceptive pain

_____________ is the tendency to view the world from one's own perspective and not see things from another person's perspective.

egocentrism

Karen has been using her stethoscope for many days to listen to her fetus' heartbeat. Today, for the first time, she detected her fetus' heart beat. Karen must be at least _____________ weeks pregnant.

eight

In which of the following stages of prenatal development does the formation of arms and legs occur?

embryonic stage

color vision results from the fact that cones are linked together in three color pairs: blue/yellow, red/green, black/white

opponent process theory

Sasha has a severe back pain. Which of the following is an opioid that the doctor is likely to prescribe as an analgesic?

oxycodone

The cells in the retina (called rods and cones) that convert light energy into nerve energy are called _______.

photoreceptors

A pediatrician is assessing nine-month-old Chiara's motor development, which involves observing changes in Chiara's _____________.

physical movement and body control

Which of the following glands sends hormonal signals to the sex glands, telling them to mature?

pituitary

According to recent research, emotions like ______ could worsen the experience of pain.

sadness

In a study by researchers, what did MRI scans of meditators and non-meditators reveal? A. Those who had meditated the shortest showed the greatest cortical thickness in certain areas. B. Those who had meditated the longest showed the least cortical thickness in certain areas. C. Those who had meditated the longest showed the greatest cortical thickness in certain areas. D. Those who had meditated the longest showed decreased brain tissue in areas relevant to attention and emotion processing.

C

In an experiment conducted by Gjerde & Cardilla in 2009, children were assessed at age 3 and 4 on the dimension of openness to new experiences. Then the same children were assessed again at ages 18 and 23. The study indicated that the open and imaginative young girls tended to become _____________ young women. A. self-assured and flexible B. highly career oriented C. anxious and self-doubting D. emotionally sterile and calculating

C

People show signs of intentional behavior when they are: in an unconscious state. comatose. minimally conscious. in a subconscious state.

C

Talking while driving: A. increases activity in regions of the brain associated with spatial processing. B. has no impact on the activity in areas of the brain associated with language processing. C. has no impact on the activity in regions of the brain associated with spatial processing. D. increases activity in areas associated with language processing.

D

Which of the following theories conforms to the belief that dreams are nothing but the standard processes that occur during the day? The biological theory The AIM theory The cognitive theory The psychoanalytic theory

C

With reference to the strange situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, ______________ infants show odd, conflicted behaviors in the strange situation. A. insecure-resistant B. insecure-avoidant C. insecure-disoriented D. insecure-attached

C

During Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, called the concrete operational stage (ages 6-11), children ____________. A. gain the ability to systematically solve problems without resorting to trial and error B. gain the ability to reason about abstract concepts and problems C. develop the ability to perform mental operations on real, or concrete, objects and events D. develop the ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being sensed

C

What does the AIM stand for? Activation, intensity, and mechanism Ambiguity, intensity, and movement Alertness, integration, and mechanism Activation, input, and mode

D

Which of the following holds true of an individual during the different stages of sleep? A. An individual in Stage 2 experiences no K-complexes. B. An individual in Stage 4 sleep experiences more sleep spindles than Stage 3. C. An individual in Stage 3 experiences more K-complexes than Stage 2. D. An individual in Stage 3 sleep experiences fewer sleep spindles than Stage 2.

D

Which of the following is true of nicotine? It reduces heart rate. It relaxes the autonomic nervous system. It arouses the skeletal muscles. It increases respiration rate.

D

Psychologists created the false-belief task to determine when children develop ___________.

theory of mind

According to Kohlberg, postconventional moral reasoning is based on:

universal moral principles

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development—from the earliest stage to the latest stage

zygote, germinal, embryonic, fetal

flavor is:

the combination of taste and smell

Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood, beginning at about age 11 or 12 and lasting until around age _____________.

18

If a drug slows down central nervous system activity while increasing the activity of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, then it is most likely to be a(n): depressant. vasodilator. corticosteroid. opioid.

A

A fetus begins to respond to sound around _____________ weeks after conception.

26

According to Erik Erikson, stagnation occurs when: A. the adult becomes more self-focused than oriented toward others. B. neurons move from one part of the brain to their more permanent home. C. unused synapses die off to make the brain more efficient. D. events in the womb alter the development of physical and psychological health.

A

According to Jung, individuation is the process by which: A. a person's personality becomes whole and full. B. neurons move from one part of the brain to their more permanent home. C. unused synapses die off to make the brain more efficient. D. the individual becomes more self-focused than oriented toward others and does not contribute in a productive way to society or family.

A

According to Sigmund Freud, the level at which the important underlying meaning of our dreams is termed as the: A. latent level. B. subliminal level. C. deep level. D. manifest level.

A

According to the model of temperament developed by Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, which of the following statements is true regarding the difficult child? A. The difficult child is slow to adapt to new situations. B. The difficult child is happy most of the time. C. The difficult child is predictable in daily functions D. The difficult child is mildly irregular in the daily patterns of eating, sleeping, and eliminating.

A

Altered visual perceptions such as seeing the tracks that your hand makes when you move it through the air usually happens when one ingests: lysergic acid diethylamide-25. methamphetamine. methylenedioxymethamphetamine. amphetamine sulfate.

A

Carlos is oblivious of what his classmates are doing while taking a test at school. However, when his friend sneezes loudly, he immediately notices. What does this illustrate? Consciousness focuses our attention on changes in stimulation. It is possible for us to be aware of all material at all times. All of us can do more than one thing at a time without compromising our performance on either task. Consciousness causes us to react to all stimuli

A

Which of the following statements is true about pruning? A. Problems with neural pruning may result in neurological disorders, such as autism or schizophrenia. B. Pruning is usually independent of the quality of the environment in which the brain develops. C. Neural pruning results in the huge increase in the number of neurons and stimulates the unused neurons. D. Normal and enriched environments create less developed neural connections.

A

Jimmy is taking his 7th grade exam in which he is asked to give one word for a set of given explanations. Though he knows the words for the answer and is confident about recollecting them, he is unable to recall them at that particular time. Which of the following terms refer to Jimmy's experience? Decay theory Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon Motivated forgetting Freudian slip

B

The natural painkiller in the human body is: melatonin. endorphin. serotonin. epinephrine.

B

Tiffany Field and her colleagues (1986) conducted an experiment to determine whether regular touch might help tiny premature infants. During the experiment she found that the babies who received touch therapy _____________ than those who did not. A. cried less B. gained significantly more weight C. slept significantly more D. fell ill more

B

Which of the following best describes the cocktail party effect? A. A strong urge to nap at inappropriate times, such as during meals or in the middle of conversations. B. The ability to filter out auditory stimuli and then to refocus attention on something that appears more meaningful. C. A mental state that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by lack of voluntary control over behavior. D. The ability to create a false sensory perception not related to real external stimuli.

B

Which of the following can be classified as an opioid? Pentobarbital Morphine Chlordiazepoxide Diazepam

B

Which of the following can lead one to consciously attend to something? A. When neurons from one region of the brain work together B. When neurons from many distinct brain regions work together C. When neurons from many distinct brain regions work independently D. When neurons from one region of the brain work independently

B

Which of the following is true about a person's performance and hippocampal activation? A. The more hippocampal activation shown during high-wave sleep, the better the person performs on the task the next day. B. The more hippocampal activation shown during slow-wave sleep, the better the person performs on the task the next day. C. The more hippocampal activation shown during slow-wave sleep, the worse the person performs on the task the next day. D. The less hippocampal activation shown during high-wave sleep, the worse the person performs on the task the next day.

B

Which of the following is true of the functions of sleep? A. It inhibits neural growth. B. It consolidates memory. C. It enhances cellular damage. D. It resists metabolic cleanup.

B

Which of the following refers to the active ingredient of hallucinogenic mushrooms that is found to trigger fairly stable spiritual insights? Ecstasy Psilocybin Morphine LSD

B

Which of the following statements is true about Alzheimer's disease? A. Early-onset of Alzheimer's affects people younger than 35. B. Currently, the only way Alzheimer's can be diagnosed definitively is by examining brain tissue after death. C. Alzheimer's accounts for only 10%-20% of the cases of dementia among the elderly. D. Alzheimer's is non-progressive, and hence its fatality level is low.

B

Which of the following views did psychologist Ernest Hilgard subscribe to? A. Under hypnosis, thoughts, feelings, and drives that threaten the waking mind come to the fore. B. Under hypnosis, one aspect of a person's mind can remain aware and open to stimulation from the outside while other parts are cut off from external input. C. Hypnotized individuals actually involve in role-playing by behaving the way they think a hypnotized person would behave. D. Hypnosis does not alter consciousness, nor do hypnotized individuals give up control of their behavior.

B

Twelve-year-old Allen argues that, "If Shamus is a man, and all men are mortal, then Shamus is mortal." Based on the information given in this statement, which of the following is most likely to be true about Allen? A. Allen is in the concrete operational stage of development of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. B. In this stage, Allen's logic remains concrete and limited to objects that he directly observes. C. Allen is in the formal operational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. D. Allen can perform mental operations—on real, or concrete, objects and events—but still has trouble with abstract ideas and reasoning.

C

Which of the following holds true regarding consciousness? A. Much of what we do requires deliberate, conscious thought. B. Consciousness is an easily defined term. C. New information can cause consciousness to change dramatically. D. Consciousness has five aspects to it.

C

Which of the following is a hallucinogen that is also recommended and prescribed for people who suffer chemotherapy-related nausea or the involuntary weight loss due to AIDS? Dextroamphetamine Oxycodone Marijuana Ecstasy

C

Which of the following is a primary problem of adolescence? A. In boys, the event that signals readiness to reproduce is menarche. B. Boys are not able to engage in scientific reasoning and hypothesis testing. C. In boys and girls, the body is ready for parenthood far earlier than the mind is. D. Boys and girls do not gain the ability to reason about abstract concepts and problems.

C

Which of the following is commonly used as a prescription sedative? Nitroglycerin Hydrocodone Benzodiazepines Serotonin

C

Which of the following is true about brain waves? A. Beta waves are higher in energy than alpha waves. B. Alpha waves are slower and lower in energy than theta waves. C. Theta waves are slower and lower in energy than alpha waves. D. Alpha waves are more rapid than beta waves.

C

Which of the following occurs after the frontal lobes have developed more fully? A. Animistic thinking increases. B. Heart rate decreases. C. Scientific thinking becomes possible. D. The possibility of developing anorexia nervosa increases.

C

Erik Erikson defined _______________ as the creation of new ideas, products, or people. A. pruning B. neural migration C. prenatal programming D. generativity

D

How does cocaine induce a sense of exhilaration? By decreasing the activity of the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain By producing a long but mild sense of euphoria By increasing the higher social regulatory functions of the cerebral cortex By increasing the availability of dopamine and serotonin in synapses

D

Which of the following statements is true about identical twins?

Identical twins develop from one fertilized egg.

Which of the following statements regarding sound waves is true?

Sound waves must travel through some medium or we cannot hear them.

When Cathy was asked to respond to the Heinz dilemma developed by Kohlberg, she said, "Although it is legally wrong, Heinz should steal the drug to save his wife's life. But he also has to be willing to suffer the consequences and go to jail if need be." According to the theory of moral reasoning developed by Kohlberg, Cathy is at the _______________ stage of moral development.

postconventional

________ is the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli such as light, sound waves, and touch.

psychophysics

Luli, who is in a rock band, can distinguish the sound of the guitar from the sound of the bass even though they are both playing the same note—a low E. She has no trouble telling them apart because they give off wavelengths of different _______.

purities

________ is the stimulation of our sense organs by the outer world

sensation

According to Piaget, mastering object permanence is the hallmark of the ___________ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor

In which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development does object permanence develop?

sensorimotor

order of stages of cognitive theory

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Leah no longer feels the chair underneath her as she sits in the classroom-she has stopped attending to the stimulation as she sits on the same chair everyday. Psychologists call this experience___

sensory adaptation

________ ensures that we notice changes in stimulation more than stimulation itself.

sensory adaptation

________ occurs when a person experiences sensations in one sense when a different sense is stimulated.

synesthesia

______________ is by far the most popular form of technology used in infancy.

television

The male gonads are called ______________.

testes

Which of the following parts of the human ear is a bony tube, curled like a snail's shell, and filled with fluid?

the cochlea

Which part of a person's eyes are photoreceptors that help her see the path in front and the trees around her when she is walking in the woods at night?

the rods