Psych Test #4

he saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

A person is most likely to go along with the group if the size of the group is:

5

Some of the participants decided to go along with the group and chose "A," even though they believed the answer was "C," because they wanted to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group. This is an example of:

informational social influencesocial loafingsocial facilitation NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the bodyâ s immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when they feel sure of their own decisions when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions $ when the correct choice is unclear when they really want to be liked by a group of peers

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a personâ s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesnâ t feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

Dimension 1 ; Exhaustion

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boyâ s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

Dimension 2 ; Depersonalization

Stressors

Environmental events that cause a stress reaction

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

Homophobia

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

Just-word

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

Social Role

__________ can take different forms, such as advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance

Social Support

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

The death of a spouse

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

Transcendental Meditation

The process by which oneâ s physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Both in the original study and in this replication, there were a number of "fake participants." These individuals who work for the researcher and are aware of the experiment are known as:

Actors Observers Stand-Ins CONFEDERATES

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

Asthma

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love.

Companionate

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions.

Confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________.

Confirmation Bias

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Coping

__________ is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor; helps to provide a boost of energy, thereby preparing the individual to take action

Cortisol

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Dispostionism

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

Fight or Flight

A set of physiological reactions (increases in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and sweat) that occur when an individual encounters a perceived threat is called ___________.

Fight or Flight Response

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________.

Fundamental attribution error

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

Group Polarization

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

Hassles

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

Peripheral

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

Prejudice

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________.

Reciprocity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

Scapegoating

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

Seeking outside opinion on group decisions

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that onesâ life has meaning and value

Some of the participants chose "A," even though they originally believed the answer was "C," because the rest of the group answering "A" caused them to question their answer. They decided the group must have the correct answer. This is an example of:

social facilitation INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE social loafing normative social influence

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesnâ t want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

In this video, we see a replication of the Solomon Asch line study. What was this study designed to investigate?

obedience CONFORMITY social loafing social facilitation

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Stress

process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming or threatening o one's well-being

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

Challenge; Threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Cognitive

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.