Psych Test 4
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.
13.4
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.
19
Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.
1954
Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.
26
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
ADHD
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adderall
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
Autism
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?
Balance between extroversion and introversion
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?
Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.
Carl rogers to Sigmund Freud
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?
Climate of sexual repression
The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.
Contemporized Themes
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?
Dorothea Dix
Unlike other animals, humans have evolved fear mechanisms as a way to identify situations as being either safe or dangerous
FAlse
"Free Association" is a type of learning technique.
False
A "compulsion" is an unwanted thought, word, phrase or image that persistently and repeatedly comes to mind and causes distress.
False
According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a person must show at least 5 symptoms for 5 weeks.
False
Brodman's area is 51.
False
Deviant behavior is the same as disturbed behavior.
False
ElectroConvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used with most cases of depression.
False
Group Therapy and Support Groups are two names for the same therapeutic technique.
False
Human behavior is neither complex nor variable.
False
Personality disorders do not develop until adulthood.
False
Psychoanalytic theories originate from the ideas of Alfred Adler.
False
Systematic desensitization is used to treat highly complex phobias.
False
The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.
Five-Factor model
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
Gilbert talks loudly and quickly
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel.
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
Id
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
Identical twins whether raised together or apart
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?
In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.
The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.
Indigenous
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome Wakefield
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Karen Horney
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
Learning how to surf
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.
MMPI
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong biological and genetic basis
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
Myer-Brigs
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?
No studies have found
Jeff
Obsessive Compulsive
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?
People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
Race, culture, and ethnicity, in providing treatment
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns
Skinner
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
Stella laughed when her dog died and cried during a funny movie
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.
TEMAS
If a woman contracts an infection during pregnancy, the risk of the child developing schizophrenia later in life increases greatly.
TRue
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?
There was no such thing as a degree in psychology
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?
They can be scientifically tested
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
Thomas Szaz
"Friendliness" is an example of a personality trait.
True
A "Token Economy" literally uses "tokens."
True
A "positive symptom" is a symptom that is "present" with a person's schizophrenia.
True
A phobia is a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, situation or activity.
True
Behavioral therapies use principles of classical and operant conditioning.
True
Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
True
Brain imaging studies show that hallucinations activate the brain in ways similar, but not identical to, real external stimulation from the environment.
True
Carl Rogers developed the "Client Centered" therapeutic approach.
True
Freud believed that the reasons we act in certain ways are hidden from our awareness.
True
Head size can be an indicator of possible autistic spectrum disorder.
True
PTSD may include both recurring thoughts and recurring intrusive feelings.
True
Phenothiazines block neurotransmitter dopamine molecules from attaching to synaptic receptor sites.
True
Psychoanalytic therapy techniques were first developed by Sigmund Freud.
True
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder.
True
Schizophrenia occurs as a result of an interaction between biological factors and an abusive environment.
True
Stressful events, like social rejection, can start boiological reactions which may result in developing depression.
True
Temperament is the biologically based tendency to behave in a certain way.
True
The 5th edition of the DSM is DSM-5.
True
The presence of hallucinations is an example of positive symptoms.
True
The term "personality," refers to the unique and consistent behaviors, feelings, thoughts and motivations expressed by a person.
True
To be considered disturbed, a behavior must result in a person being unable to function in the world.
True
War veterans are at risk for depression, drug abuse and suicide, as well as ptsd.
True
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?
WRONG autonomy vs shame/doubt
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?
William sheldon
Which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Would you be able to resist getting small reward now to get a large reward later
Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?
You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time
Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.
agitation
Svetlana, a 20-year-old college sophomore, is beautiful. Research suggests that she is likely to ________ than less attractive college women.
all or nothing thinking
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________
an internal locus of control
If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.
anal
Kwaku
antisocial personality disorder
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?
anxiety disorder
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.
asylums
________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.
atypical antipsychotics
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversive
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self
Renzo
behavior therapy
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder?
behavioral inhibition
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside the home alone
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.
beliefs and expectations
Bronson
biomedical
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?
broke their backs
Etiology is another word for ________.
causes
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
choleric
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
client says whatever comes to the mind at the moment
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.
client's personal goals
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
client's present and future
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two disorders
Rafael
cognitive therapy
Sevilla
cognitive-behavior therapy
The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
collective unconcious
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.
counterconditioning
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
diagnosed in an early childhood
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis stress
Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.
differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
ECT stands for
electroconvulsive therapy
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?
episodic
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
excessive persistent fear and anxiety
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
Kim
external locus of control
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external,internal
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
extroversion/introversion, neruroticism
A personality questionnaire consists of individual items to be answered using multiple choice.
false
The "superego" takes in information, from the world around us, for use in determining strategies for obtaining those things we want.
false
Twin studies indicate that genetics (i.e., nature) accounts for only 5% of the presence and expression of personality traits.
false
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?
generativity
In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).
genital
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?
giving them unconditional love
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?
having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.
high self-efficacy
Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?
humanistic therapy
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.
interactivity to reactivity
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
involuntary
Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?
it was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys.
kidney bile to lung phlegm
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
lack of motivation to bathe yourself
During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?
latency
Dan
low self efficacy
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
major depression after pregnancy
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except________.
manic episodes
Eugene
motorcycle accident
Marcos
moving against people
Fay
moving away from people
Imogene
moving towards people
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
music
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."
natural to supernatural
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
negative
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
obsessive-compulsive
Laura
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
orbitofrontal cortex
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizes the books
Self-efficacy is ________.
our level of confidence in our own abilities
Jarl
overgeneralization
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
process of closing large asylums
Grimes
projective test
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?
psychiatric hospitals
Elena
psychodynamic psychotherapy
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities."
psychological to biological
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
reaction formation
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
relapse
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
repetitive thoughts and urges
Joffrey
retardation
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.
safety behaviors
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
Alexis
seasonal
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.
self-actuazation
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?
somatic
Burt
stimulus hierarchy
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?
strategic
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.
suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order decides our personality
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.
the self-realization process
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.
therapist to client
What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?
thoughts affect behavior
Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.
token economy
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
A defense mechanism is an unconscious process the mind uses to protect us from feelings of anxiety.
true
Inter-rater-reliability is a common measure used to ensure those individuals doing the rating are in fairly common agreement as to their measurements.
true
The evolutionary principle of adaptation states that life forms continue to exist as long as they solve the "problems" of surviving and reproducing.
true
The humanistic approach focuses on the idea that people are born with the desire to realize their full potential.
true
The main idea behind the biological theory of personality is that differences in the DNA makeup of a person result in differences in arousal level for different situations people encounter in life.
true
The shorter DRD4 version of the gene is associated with "thrill seeking" because it produces high levels of dopamine in the brain.
true
To love someone only when they do the things we want and like is to love them "conditionally."
true
Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
unconditional positive regard
Lexi
voluntary
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every ten minutes throughout the day
How long does psychoanalysis typically take?
years
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
yellow liver bile