Psych21A Midterm 3 (2/4)

Compared to same-sex peers, who is likely to be less socially mature, less imaginative, less achievement-oriented, more superficial, and more likely to exhibit problem behaviors? A. Amber, who started dating seriously at age 14 B. Becky, who started dating casually at age 14 C. Karin, who started dating seriously at age 16 D. Donald, who started dating seriously at age 16

A. Amber, who started dating seriously at age 14

Within the United States and in Canada, adolescents of which racial/ethnic group are the least likely to date? A. Asian B. Hispanic C. American Indian D. White

A. Asian

One study that used brain-imaging techniques to investigate adolescents' neural responses to rejection while playing an online game called "Cyberball" found that: A. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression. B. adolescents low in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression. C. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are less likely to develop symptoms of depression. D. there are no biological differences in how individuals respond to not being thrown the ball based on whether he or she scores high or low on rejection sensitivity.

A. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression.

The close, significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called: A. attachment. B. goodness-of-fit. C. symbiosis. D. the secure base

A. attachment.

When college students were asked to rate the most important criteria for deciding when someone is ready to get married, what was the most consistently endorsed item? A. capacity for intimacy B. being physically mature enough to have a child C. being emotionally mature enough to have a child D. being financially secure

A. capacity for intimacy

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend a lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called? A. co-rumination B. being intimate C. engaging in mutual self-disclosure D. co-internal working model

A. co-rumination

With respect to Internet use and social networking sites, adolescents are likely to: A. communicate with people they have offline relationships with. B. meet new people. C. spend time interacting with people their parents would not approve of. D. become obsessive, to the point of neglecting in-person relationships.

A. communicate with people they have offline relationships with.

Adolescents' close friendships are distinguished from their casual friendships in the types of conflicts they have. Although conflicts between adolescents and their close friends are _______ frequent than they are between adolescents and other peers, arguments between close friends are ________ emotional. A. less; more B. more; less C. slightly more; less D. more; never

A. less; more

Which of the following statements concerning sexual-minority (LGBT) youth is false? A. the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents B. the stigmas attached to homosexuality complicate the development of intimate relations C. these youngsters often pursue sexual activity outside the context of a dating relationship to avoid harassment by peers D.for sexual-minority youth, development of close, nonsexual friendships with same-sex peers may be hampered by their peers' homophobia

A. the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents

The average duration of a romantic relationship during the middle high school years is about _____ months. A. 2 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18

B. 6

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, except: A. concern for each other's well-being. B. a sexual and/or physical relationship. C. a willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information. D. sharing common interests and activities.

B. a sexual and/or physical relationship.

Children's friendships are based on _____, whereas adolescents' friendships are typically based on _____. A. activities; competition B. activities; intimacy C. intimacy; competition D. competition; activities

B. activities; intimacy

Which developmental period appears to be when warmth and closeness for siblings is at its lowest point? A. late childhood B. early adolescence C. middle adolescence D. late adolescence

B. early adolescence

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the closest? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

B. mother-daughter relationship

According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during: A. childhood. B. preadolescence. C. early adolescence. D. late adolescence

B. preadolescence.

Adolescents behave in a variety of ways within dating relationships that are usually shaped by _____________. A. their partners' expectations B. scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media C. their peers' relationships D. cultural norms

B. scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media

Which of the following patterns of attachment is positively correlated with high sociability in childhood? A. anxious-resistant B. secure C. anxious-avoidant D. dependent

B. secure

It is likely that a limitation in children's ability to ____ inhibits their ability to have intimate interpersonal relationships. A. empathize B. take another person's perspective C. care deeply D. understand friendships

B. take another person's perspective

In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by: A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships. B. the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive. C. resolving the homophobic conflict of childhood. D. the need to appear popular by surrounding one's self with as many peers as possible.

B. the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive.

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is not true? A. The impact of close friends on development must take into account the characteristics of these friends. B. Being popular is less important than genuinely having friends. C. Having a huge network of many friends is more important than having a few good friendships. D. Adolescents who have intimate friendships typically have better mental health than their peers who do not.

C. Having a huge network of many friends is more important than having a few good friendships.

During infancy, Julia formed a secure attachment with her parents. This attachment has formed the basis for all her future approaches to interpersonal relationships. According to attachment theorists, Julia is employing: A. a Q-sort technique. B. an intimate ideology. C. an internal working model. D. a social support theory.

C. an internal working model

In contrast to Sullivan's claims about adolescent friendships, more current research has found: A. cross-sex intimacy replaces intimacy with same-sex peers. B. as the number of same-sex peers increases, the number of cross-sex peers decreases. C. as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases. D. although cross-sex interactions increase, there is little cross-sex intimacy.

C. as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases.

According to Sullivan, development can be best understood by examining transformations in: A. psychosexual needs. B. sexual drive. C. interpersonal needs. D. self-conceptions.

C. interpersonal needs.

Allison says that Susan is her friend because she can tell Susan secrets and Susan won't tell anyone else. Allison's definition of friendship is based on: A. play. B. prosocial behavior. C. intimacy and trust. D. association.

C. intimacy and trust.

Sullivan believed the crisis of adolescence is _____. Erikson believed it is _____. A. identity; intimacy B. autonomy; intimacy C. intimacy; identity D. intimacy; autonomy

C. intimacy; identity

The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is: A. parents' divorce. B. failing in school. C. the breakup of a romantic relationship. D. dating violence.

C. the breakup of a romantic relationship.

According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal tasks of adolescence are negotiated successfully, the young adolescent enters late adolescence able to: A. be intimate. B. enjoy sex. C. experience intimacy and sex in the same relationship. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Although it is difficult to separate "selection" and "socialization" effects, individuals who are securely attached in infancy are likely to: A. be socially competent in childhood. B. be securely attached to close friends in adolescence. C. have positive romantic relationships in adulthood. D. All of these statements are true.

D. All of these statements are true.

Girls are more likely than boys to settle disagreements with friends by: A. letting things slide. B. engaging in physical aggression. C. engaging in verbal aggression. D. apologizing.

D. apologizing.

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the least intimate? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

D. father-daughter relationship

The textbook states all of the following to explain why the development of intimacy is especially important in adolescence, except: A. truly intimate relationships do not emerge until adolescence. B. the nature of the adolescent's social world changes, with increasing importance of both same sex and other-sex peers. C. growth of social cognition reflects more sophisticated conceptions of social relationships. D. friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented.

D. friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented.

Carol, an eighth-grader, is facing a big dilemma and she needs advice. To whom is Carol likely to turn for this support? A. her friends B. her parents C. an adult expert outside the family D. it depends on the specific issue at hand

D. it depends on the specific issue at hand

Friendships based on which of the following criteria are more likely to be found among adolescents than younger children? A. play B. association C. shared activities D. loyalty

D. loyalty

According to Sullivan, where does the capacity for intimacy first develop? A. early adolescent, same-sex relationships B. early adolescent, other-sex relationships C. middle adolescent, other-sex relationships D. preadolescent, same-sex relationships

D. preadolescent, same-sex relationships