Psychology 101

Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?

Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.

A sample consists of multiple populations.

False

According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive.

False

According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.

False

Correlations allow us to determine causality.

False

Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.

False

John B. Watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors over cognition.

False

Sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind.

False

Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"

False

In every experiment, the ______ is what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not.

In every experiment, the ______ is what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not.

Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?

The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and draw conclusions about cause and effect.

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

True

Gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought processes in terms of basic units.

True

Many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and how a psychologist treated them.

True

Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior exemplifies reinforcement.

True

Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud.

True

Psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

True

_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism.

William James

A(n) _______ expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables.

correlation coefficient

Raoul is one of the best football players in Newborn Warriors. However, his stamina has been reducing and he has been unable to sustain an entire game due to his habit of smoking cigarettes. In order to improve his performance, Raoul is most likely to consult a __________.

health psychologist

The _____ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

humanistic-existential

A participant's agreement to participate in research after receiving information about the purposes of the study and the nature of the treatments is referred to as __________.

informed consent

Wilhelm Wundt used __________ to try to discover the basic elements of experience.

introspection

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called _______.

placebos

Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was chosen in such way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a __________.

stratified sample