Psychology 101: chptrs 7-13

According to psychologists, memory refers to all of these EXCEPT: A. the persistence of learning over time. B. the storage of information. C. the retrieval of information. D. changes in behavior.

D. changes in behavior.

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about space travel and alien abduction, Steve began to remember that aliens had abducted him and had subjected him to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall BEST illustrates: A. the misinformation effect. B. the spacing effect. C. source amnesia. D. déjà vu.

C. source amnesia.

A group of 50-year-old adults is asked to think about their high school classmates. Although they have difficulty recalling their classmates, when presented with their yearbooks they can recognize about _____ percent of their pictures and names. A. 90 B. 35 C. 50 D. 75

A. 90

Long-term potentiation is an increase in the _____ over time A. efficiency of synaptic transmission B. formation of new neurons C. speed of action potentials D. strength of action potentials

A. efficiency of synaptic transmission

Rashad is studying for tomorrow's biology exam. He has been reading and taking notes for hours, and he feels like he cannot study any longer. To avoid retroactive interference, the BEST thing for Rashad to do at this point is: A. go directly to sleep. B. stay awake for as long as possible. C. watch an exciting documentary on a different topic. D. study for his French test.

A. go directly to sleep.

During a basketball game, Tyree received a concussion. Afterward he could not remember the game or what happened when he was treated in the hospital. Tyree was experiencing: A. retroactive interference. B. anterograde amnesia. C. consolidation. D. repression.

B. anterograde amnesia.

Every time we "replay" a memory, we replace the original memory with a slightly modified version. Researchers call this _____.

reconsolidation

_____ interference is the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

retroactive interference

Noreen has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's diseases. To help her remember past events, she undergoes a treatment called reminiscence therapy, which capitalizes on the sights, smells, and sounds related to such events. In other words, reminiscence therapy harnesses the power of: A. shallow processing. B. self-testing. C. mnemonic devices. D. retrieval cues.

D. retrieval cues.

Gina studied adequately for her short-answer psychology exam. However, while taking the final, she could not remember the material she previously retained. According to the computer information-processing model of memory, Gina is having difficulty with: A. distribution. B. encoding. C. storage. D. retrieval.

D. retrieval.

In _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events preceding an injury or accident; in _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events following an injury or accident. A. retroactive; proactive B. anterograde; retrograde C. proactive; retroactive D. retrograde; anterograde

D. retrograde; anterograde

A long time ago Leslie was stuck in an elevator for over three hours. Although generally not claustrophobic, after two hours, she felt like the elevator walls were closing in on her. Now 10 years later, she still vividly recalls the details of the emotionally traumatic experience. What is MOST likely causing her long-lasting robust memory of this event? A. Stress hormones increase glucose activity, which then fuels brain activity. B. The hypothalamus boosts activity in the brain's memory-forming areas. C. Leslie has developed a phobia about being in elevators. D. Long-term potentiation causes her to relive the elevator experience over and over again.

A. Stress hormones increase glucose activity, which then fuels brain activity.

Del decides to crochet a blanket, sweater, cap, and booties for a friend's baby. Although it has been years since Del has crocheted, they execute advanced stitches with ease. This example illustrates the automaticity of _____ memory. A. implicit B. declarative C. sensory D. explicit

A. implicit

When one encodes a piece of target information, other bits of information become associated with it. The bits of information connected with the target information are known as: A. retrieval cues. B. primacy cues. C. iconic memories. D. flashbulb memories.

A. retrieval cues.

When people learn something while in one state (for example, when they are feeling joyful or sad), they are better able to recall that thing while in the same state. This is known as: A. state-dependent learning. B. retroactive interference. C. long-term potentiation. D. proactive interference.

A. state-dependent learning.

How are the cerebellum and the basal ganglia involved in memory? A. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are both involved in explicit memory. B. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are both involved in implicit memory. C. The cerebellum is involved in implicit memory, and the basal ganglia are involved in explicit memory. D. The cerebellum is involved in explicit memory, and the basal ganglia are involved in implicit memory.

B. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are both involved in implicit memory.

Hakeem has a very clear memory of his daughter's birth. He remembers the weather, what he was wearing, the sounds in the hallway, and the joy he felt. Psychologists would say that: A. his ability to remember an emotionally significant event in so much detail is unusual. B. he has a flashbulb memory for this event. C. he is describing the spotlight effect. D. he will completely forget all of these memories over time.

B. he has a flashbulb memory for this event.

Lamar attempts to change an online password. When he creates a new password, the site alerts him that he has used that password before. Lamar cannot recall using it in the past; he can only remember his more recent passwords. Lamar is experiencing _____ interference. A. progressive B. retroactive C. reactive D. proactive

B. retroactive

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet supplies display in a discount store in Boise, Idaho; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is BEST described as: A. proactive. B. retrograde. C. anterograde. D. retroactive.

B. retrograde

Walid has been working 70-hour work weeks and has been getting his days and nights mixed up. He also has been having trouble separating his dreams from reality. Just yesterday he thought a project had been completed, but in reality, it was only a dream. This problem is known as: A. proactive interference. B. source amnesia. C. infantile amnesia. D. retroactive interference.

B. source amnesia.

_____ memory refers to retention of information that is independent of conscious recollection, whereas _____ refers to memory for facts and experiences. A. Explicit; declarative B. Explicit; procedural C. Implicit; explicit D. Implicit; procedural

C. Implicit; explicit

Although you probably wish that your study time was automatic, successful studying for introductory psychology requires attention and conscious effort known as: A. linguistic determinism. B. implicit memory. C. effortful processing. D. consciousness.

C. effortful processing.

Mabel has Alzheimer's disease, and her _____ memories for people and events are lost. However, she is able to display an ability to form new _____ memories by being shown words repeatedly. A. explicit; implied B. explicit; detailed C. explicit; implicit D. implicit; explicit

C. explicit; implicit

In _____ interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently. A. progressive B. retroactive C. proactive D. reactive

C. proactive

Wren places an overdue library book on a small table by the door to increase the likelihood that they will return it the next day. Wren is trying to boost their _____ memory. A. retrospective B. sensory C. prospective D. proactive

C. prospective

When they are retrieved, memories are often altered before they are stored again. This process is called: A. retroactive interference. B. state-dependent memory. C. reconsolidation. D. repression.

C. reconsolidation.

Tim remembers the exact moment he heard about the 2012 mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Tim has a(n) _____ memory for this event. A. iconic B. snapshot C. thumbnail D. flashbulb

D. flashbulb

Professor Wallace studies memory in people who have had strokes. Professor Hansen studies people who claim to have clear memories of events that happened over three decades ago. Such research on the extremes of memory: A. makes us realize that it is impossible to study memory. B. is not useful to psychologists who study normal memory. C. explains how consciousness works. D. helps us to understand how memory works.

D. helps us to understand how memory works.

Depression activates negative memories associated with the stimuli one is currently experiencing. This is BEST seen as an example of: A. flashbulb memory. B. primacy. C. echoic memory. D. priming.

D. priming.