Psychology 101: Exam 4 "Final Exam" Chapter 13-16

Which of the following is a class of drugs administered on patients with anxiety disorders?

Benzodiazepines

Which statement best reflects that psychotherapy for depression may have an impact on heart disease?

Depression and heart disease are correlated and the risk of heart disease can be reduced by treating depression

Which of the following is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Flat affect

Dave, a graphic designer, has applied for a job at Animatrix Co., an animation studio. When he is called for the interview, Dave is asked to carry his portfolio along with him. His portfolio contains copies of the brochures, illustrations, and advertisements that he's designed. In this scenario, Dave's graphic portfolio is an example of a(n) _____.

work sample

Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

A change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard.

According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death?

A chronically lonely person

Which of the following statements is true regarding abnormal behavior?

Abnormal behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world.

When Cameron was asked if he liked animated movies, he said yes. According to the self-perception theory, which of the following statements is the best explanation for Cameron's answer?

Cameron likes animated moives because he has watched and enjoyed all of them.

Lithium is considered as an effective mood stabilizing drug to treat

bipolar disorder

The therapy is based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to self-defeating and irrational thoughts is

cognitive therapy

Hallucinations are

sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

supports the use of accommodations that permits

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is

testosterone

Which of the following is an element recognized by Carl Rogers as one that is essential for human growth?

Genuiness

Which of the following is true of people suffering from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

People with this disorder show an excessive attachment to moral codes and are excessively orderly in daily life

______________ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

Psychosis

A fear becomes a phobia when

an individual will go to any length to avoid the situation that he fears

In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

conformity

According to the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders, abnormal behavior can be influenced by ______________.

genes, childhood experiences, and gender.

In the context of type of therapy, psychoanalysis is a __________ therapy.

insight-oriented

Stanley Milgram's experiment demonstrated the effect of

obedience

Anorexia nervosa is a culture-related disorder that is common among individuals residing in

the United States

Amanda is unable to form healthy relationships with men due to her traumatic experience of sexual abuse by her father when she was a child. As a result, her friend Clarice takes her to Dr. Jones, a well-known psychoanalyst, for therapy. However, Amanda opts out of therapy after a few sessions since Dr. Jones resembles her father. According to Freud, Amanda's reason for quitting the therapy sessions was due to the phenomenon of:

transference

According to studies over the past half-century, which of the following is a condition under which a person's attitude will guide his or her actions?

when the person has a vested interest in the issue

A bicyclist claims that bicycle racing times would be faster if individuals raced in groups, because the knowledge of being in a group produces more energy to perform better. The bicyclist's claim is based on the concept of

social faciltation

Six people are competing in a tug-of-war competition. First, they compete as individuals, and then they compete as a team. It is observed that when they are competing as a team their combined effort level is less than the sum of their individual efforts. In the context of group influence, this reduction in effort when competing as a team is most likely due to the effect of:

social loafing

The biological approach to psychological disorders is most likely to focus on

the brain, genetic, and neurotransmitter functioning in the development of psychological disorders.

From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when

there are few tempting alternative for the partners

Since her teacher criticized her term paper, Judy thinks herself to be stupid. Thus, she is depressed. She no longer wants to study. Judy visits a therapist who helps her identify her irrational belief and facilitates in the process of changing this belief. Which of the following therapies has been implemented by Judy's therapist?

Cognitive restructuring

Which of the following is true of the meaning of work?

Companies' use of cheaper labor in other countries is one of the reasons behind the disappearance of many long-term careers in the US.

The __________ is the name of the manual that was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM)

Ivan is suffering from a severe episode of major depressive disorder. According to the biological methods, which of the following treatment approaches will be useful in reducing his symptoms in the short-run and provide rapid relief to the person's mood?

Electroconvulsive therapy

_________ is an anxiety disorder that is marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for this state.

Generalized anxiety disorder

According to Fortune Magazine one company was selected four times in the 10 years surveyed as the Number ONE Best place to work in the US. What company was it?

Google

Which of the following questions is a behavioral therapist more likely to ask rather than a psychoanalyst?

How much did your anxiety subside after you washed your hands?

KSAs are a term for common elements in a person-oriented job analysis. KSA is an acronym for

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities

__________ is a relationship between an experienced employee and a novice in which the more experienced employee serves as an advisor, a sounding board, and a source of support for the newer employee.

Mentoring

Which of the following group has the highest suicide rate among all the other demographic group in the United States?

Native Americans

Which of the following is the LEAST used biological intervention for patients with severe psychological disorders?

Psychosurgery

Which of the following statements is true about sexual harassment in the workplace?

Sexual conduct is unlawful only when it is unwelcome.

Which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral route to persuasion?

The central route is effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention, while the peripheral route is not.

Which of the following statements is true of the Hawthorne studies?

The studies suggest that workers tend to work harder when they are aware that their performance is being studied.

Which of the following statement is true of the role of psychological factors in depression?

The tendency to ruminate negative thoughts is associated with the development of depression.

Which of the following indicates the view of a cognitive therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?

They occur as a result of inappropriate thoughts

Which of the following indicates the view of a behavioral therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?

They occur as a result of maladaptive patterns and actions

Which of the following statements is true of transactional leadership?

Transactional leaders work within the goals of an existing organizational system and step in only when a problem arises.

In psychoanalysis, the term transference refers to

a client's way of relating to the analyst in order to relive his or her important relationships.

Charles works as a program analyst for Devon Co., an IT company. He feels a strong sense of belonging toward the company and works with both dedication and enthusiasm. At times, he even boasts to his friends that his company is one of the best in the industry. In the context of organizational psychology, Charles seems to have a strong sense of _____.

affective commitment

_______________ is the personality trait most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.

agreeableness

Donald is a successful, but immoral businessman. He feels no remorse in exploiting other people for his own personal gain. He would do whatever it takes to get to the top even if it involves cheating, lying, and hurting others. In the context of personality disorders, it can be inferred that Donald exhibits the symptoms of _____.

antisocial personality disorder

In systematic desensitization, after the client has mentioned about the most and the least frightening aspects of the feared situation, the very next step involves:

arranging the frightening aspects in a hierarchy

Food & Fun Inc., a hamburger fast food restaurant, systematizes its operations in such a way that one person is in charge of grilling, another person is in charge of dressing the edible items, and the third person delivers the orders to the customers. The unassembled burger ingredients are moved from one worker to another via a small motorized conveyor belt. Food & Fun is probably following a pattern of:

assembly line

The advent of __________ demonstrates the spirit of scientific management and its emphasis on efficiency.

assembly line

If a therapist gives Henry, who is suffering from alcoholism, a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using

aversive conditioning

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

Gary's mother tells him that he must complete his homework before he goes out to play. Gary does not like to disobey his mother but he really wants to go out and play. He convinces himself that his mother has been mean to him lately so he can disobey her just this one time without feeling guilty. Gary is trying to change his attitude to fit his behavior most likely to reduce the _____ he is experiencing.

cognitive dissonance

Sandra and Ian have been happily married for the past five years. However, Ian recently discovered that Sandra is having an affair with his best friend and is completely devastated. Upon questioning his wife, she states that she does not receive the emotional support that she expects from him. Ian narrates this incident to his friend who then recommends that he seek _____ therapy from a marital counselor.

couples

Candice routinely blows every little setback out of proportion. For example, when she forgot to turn in her algebra homework, she was convinced that she would fail the class. Candice is also in the habit of blaming herself for negative events. She believes that she is solely responsible for all her failures and that she can never improve. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, Candice is at a greater risk of developing _____.

depression

The __________ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

diathesis-stress model

_____________ is an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.

discrimination

Calico Inc. manufactures computer chairs that are designed to prevent muscular strain and provide back rest. These chairs have been specifically engineered for office workers who spend several hours a day in front of their computers. The managers of Calico Inc. claim that their computer chairs are aimed at promoting worker efficiency and safety. Which of the following disciplines have the engineers at Calico used in developing their chairs?

ergonomics

Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to ____________ factors.

external

Rowan, a psychodynamic therapist, encourages his clients to express their thoughts and desires as and when they come to their mind. According to Freud, it can then be concluded that Rowan is implementing the _____ method.

free association

Risk shift and group polarization are aspect of

group decision making

Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of

hoarding disorder

"If you receive an extra cheeseburger when you go through the drive-thru, is it okay to keep it?" In the context of the employee selection process, this could be a question from a(n)

integrity test

"I don't need fancy tests or inventories; I can read people like books." This statement from an interviewer reflects the tendency of

interviewer illusion

Which of the following features distinguishes humanistic therapies from psychodynamic therapies?

its emphasis on conscious thoughts

When asked about his perspective on his current occupation, Joy said, "its work. It's not hard to learn. I don't get to call the shots or do what I want. I just work here." With regard to the study conducted by Wrzesniewski on the meaning of work, Joy views his occupation as a

job

_________ refers to the extent to which a person is content in his or her job.

job satisfaction

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than using her skills to excel, she tends to hide her intellectual abilities to act more like the students she is friends with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. In the context of the key aspects of social influence, which of the following perspectives explains Joyce's behavior most accurately?

normative social influence

Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with

obsessive-complusive disorder

In terms of salary, an important predictor of job satisfaction is the

perception that the pay is fair

Today, ergonomics specialists have expertise in

perception, attention, and cognition; learning theories; social and environmental psychology

Seven months ago, Sandra was involved in a serious car accident. Even though she recovered fully from her injuries, she is still troubled by nightmares and flashbacks of the scene of the accident. Now, Sandra refuses to drive and insists only on using public transport. She is in a constant state of anxiety and has trouble sleeping. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Sandra shows symptoms suggestive of _____.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Random acts of kindness, such as helping a visually impaired cross the street, are examples of

prosocial behaviors

Dissociative disorders are

psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identify due to the separation of an individual's conscious awareness from previous memories.

During a job interview, the interviewer ask Samantha sexually explicit questions. When Samantha expresses discomfort in answering such questions, the interviewer tells her that she would be hired only if she answers the questions. This scenario exemplifies

quid pro quo sexual harassment

Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her grade. Caroline is demostrating an expectation of

reciporcity

Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?

relaxation exercises

Aaron works as a marketing associate for Media Cloud Inc. He is currently working on an important project with a tight deadline. He receives a call informing him that his father has been hospitalized after a mild heart attack. Aaron is perplexed whether to leave for the hospital immediately or meet his father after the day's work. Which of the following best describes Aaron's dilemma in this scenario?

role conflict

Each time Darren listens to the radio, he believes that he is receiving a secret message from the government. He spends most of his days trying to warn others about an impending invasion that the voice on his radio has been telling him about. Hence, it can be inferred that Darren is most likely suffering from _____.

schizophrenia

When Karen does poorly on a weekly test, she blames it on the distractions she had at school that week. In this scenario, Karen is using the __________ to justify her performance on the test.

self-serving bias

The group of drugs known as SSRIs work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of ________ in the brain.

serotonin