Psychology 110 Final

The average age of earliest conscious memory is about _____ year(s).

3.5 years

The Stanford Prison experiment consisted of male college students who volunteered to participate in a simulated prison. Half of the students became guards, the other half prisoners. Who is the psychologist who had to call off the study in only six days because of the degrading behaviors displayed by the guards as well as the psychological damage to prisoners?

Philip Zimbardo

This reformer insisted that madness was not demon possession, but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions.

Phillippe Pinel

Sonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5

Episodes of overeating of high-calorie foods followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with:

bulimia nervosa

Once people have agreed to a small request, they have a tendency to comply with a

c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon Correct

In one study, participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his face or shook his foot, were observed to produce the same behaviors. This mimicry illustrates:

chameleon effect

____ phenomenon refers to someone being nicer to others bc they feel good about themselves and are happy

feel good do good

When children use their new experience in terms of their existing schema, this is known as

assimilation

having a reduced immune system

learn helplessness

John is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

major depressive disorder

_____ is an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.

prejudice

In the brain, the massive loss of unused neurons and connections is known as:

pruning

someone who is happy with their lives sees someone else who is happier than they are and it causes them to be unhappy

relative deprivation

When people perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, this is called:

social facilitation

A person in a group tends to exert MORE effort when he is individually accountable than when he is working with others toward a common goal. This is related to:

social loafing

_____ are agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm.

teratogens

People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain

the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:

hallucinations

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of a(n):

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Significant dieting and weight loss of more than 15 percent of normal body weight is common in individuals with:

anorexia nervosa

How does a type A person behave?

The try to achieve and succeed in as many things as possible

when children change their preexisting ideas to make way for new information

accommodation

Dispite overeating high-calorie foods Jane remains underweight due to periods of restriction and self induced vomiting after eating. Jane would likely be diagnosed with?

anorexia nervosa

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped beakers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one beaker is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

concept of conservation

____ is a negative behavior that can be seen toward a group

discrimination

The fundamental attribution error is more apparent in _____ than it is in _____.

individualistic United States cultures; East Asian cultures Correct

when depression is treated with exercise...

person is less depressed

Cultural groups have their own _____, which are the rules for accepted and expected behavior.

norms

A game of peek-a-boo with his dad excites William during the first six months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks:

object permanence

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

the medical model

Based on research into the responses of infants immediately after birth, we can be MOST certain that the human fetus is aware of and learns to recognize:

the sound of the mother singing

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

theory of mind

Which of these BEST illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia

toneless voice