Psychology 110 Sample Questions Midterm 2

Pheromone

A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species.

The principle that best describes an organizational effect of androgens during prenatal development that enables an animal to engage in male sexual behavior as an adult is

Behavior Masculinization

A brain that is exposed to androgen during prenatal development will not show female sexual behavior in adulthood. This effect is referred to as

Behavioral Defiminization

Lesioning the lateral hypothalamus

Causes a loss of appetitie

Alteration of 'Time' protein levels by a pulse of light during the night will:

Decrease sleepiness

A "Zeitbeger" is a(n):

Environmental cue that resets a biological clock

NPY causes increase feeding by

Exciting nervous in the lateral hypothalamus

high levels of period and timeless proteins will cause an animal to

Fall asleep

A high salt diet will cause osmotic thirst by causing water to enter the cells and explode.

False

Orexin inhibits appetite

False

An adult rodent that was NOT exposed to prenatal androgens is injected estrogen and progesterone as an adult. You would expect that rodent to display

Female sexual behaviors

The role of the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to:

Generate the circadian rhythm.

high levels of leptin correspond to...

High fat levels.

Compared to the earlier part, the later part of a night's sleep:

Includes a larger percentage of REM sleep.

What is the cause of osmotic thirst?

Increased concentration of solutes in the blood

The key effect of luteinizing hormone is to

Induce ovulation

All of the following are sexual behaviors displayed by female rodents EXCEPT

Intromission

Impairment of oxytocin secretion in a ________ would be expected to ________.

Male; reduce ejaculatory force

A hormone that promotes the prenatal development of the Wolffian system is said to have a(n)

Masculinizing Effect

Retinal ganglion cells that provide input to the SCN produce their own photopigment called:

Melanopsin

What area of the brain is largely responsible for detecting osmotic pressure?

OVLT and Subfornical organ (SFO)

The chemical released by the lateral hypothalamus to stimulate arousal is

Orexin

Sexual behavior in a female rodent will be reduced or prevented by

Ovariectomy

the key principle demonstrated by Turner's syndrome is that

Ovaries are NOT necessary for development of the Mullerian system

What is true about of the hormone oxytocin?

Oxytocin release can induce the ejection of milk in a lactating female.

A male rate is castrated immediately after birth and then given injections of estradiol and progesterone in adulthood. This male rate would be expected to

Show lordosis to another male

Greater neural activity in the vlPO compared to the Raphe nucleus will tilt the sleep-wake cycle toward

Sleep

The brain appears to produce the most synchronized EEG during the ________________ sleep.

Stage 4

The nucleus of the tractus solitarious is involved with

Taste Processing

Melatonin is high during

The night

The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that

The pituitary secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones

CCK limits meal size

True

High level of Vasopressin will result in highly concentrated urine

True

In the rodent brain, testosterone is aromatized into estradiol. True False

True

Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy:

True

Neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are rhythmically active

True

Set points can change over time

True

The retinal ganglion cells projecting to the superchiasmatic nucleus are photosensitive

True

All of the following are an effect of androgen EXCEPT

a. growth of the beard b. changes in deposition of body fat * c. lowering of the voice d. the promotion of muscle development e. altering the hairline of the head

Which is NOT associated with REM-sleep?

a. increased probability of dreaming b. facial twitches c. EEG pattern resembling wakefulness d. terms and active postural muscles *

Some set points may vary considerably over time in order to respond to changes in the environment. This adaptability is known as:

allostasis

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:

production of proteins

Menstruation is triggered by

reduced secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum

What defines a homeostatic process?

the maintenance of certain body variables within a fixed range

Animal kept in constant darkness

will have a sleep-wake cycle

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.​

​conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences

Which hormone, released by the posterior primary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

Vasopressin